Instructor Influence on Student Intercultural Gains and Learning during Instructor-Led, Short-Term Study Abroad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v28i1.377Keywords:
Instructor influence, Intercultural gains, Instructor led, Study abroad, Education abroadAbstract
Short-term study abroad, often in the instructor-led model, is growing with 60% of students enrolling in programs of this length in 2012-13 (IIE, 2014). Higher education institutions’ mission statements often state that creating individuals who have an “international and global understanding” is a goal (Meacham & Gaff. 2006, p. 9). Study abroad is viewed as a premier vehicle to guide students to achieve this expanded worldview. Current education abroad research is not clear on whether intercultural sensitivity can be increased through a short-term, instructor-led program (instructor-led). Previous studies often use metrics focused solely on duration. This comparative focus has led to very little research on interventions that may enhance intercultural learning on instructor-led programs. This study examines 105 students on eight instructor-led programs and aims to demonstrate if intercultural learning can occur on an instructor-led program and what influence the instructor may have on this learning.
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References
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Anderson, P. H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R. J., & Hubbard, A. C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457-469.
Bakalis, S., and Joiner, T. A. (2004). Participation in tertiary study abroad programs: The role of personality. The International Journal of Educational Management, 18(5), 286-291.
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Cranton, P. (1994). Understanding and promoting transformative learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc.
Deardorff, D.K. (2008). Intercultural Competence: A Definition, Model and Implications for Education Abroad. In V. Savicki (Ed.), Developing intercultural competence and transformation. (pp. 32-52). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
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Dwyer, M.M. (2004). More is better: The impact of study abroad program duration. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, X, Fall, 151-163.
Engle, L. & Engle, J. (2012). Beyond immersion the American University Center of Provence experiment in holistic intervention. In M. Vande Berg, R.M. Paige, & K. Hemming Lou. (Eds.), Student learning abroad what our students are learning, what they’re not and what we can do about it. (pp.284-307). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
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Rexeisen, R., & Al-Khatib, J. (2009). Assurance of Learning and Study Abroad: A Case Study. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 20(3), 192-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08975930903099077
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Stephenson, S. (2002) Beyond the lapiths and the centaurs: Cross-cultural “deepening” through study abroad. In W. Grünzweig, N. Rinehart (Eds.), ‘Rockin’ in Red Square: Critical approaches to international education in the age of cyberculture (pp. 85–104). LIT, Münster
Vande Berg M., Connor-Linton, J., Paige, M.R. (2009). The Georgetown consortium project: Interventions for student learning abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XVIII. 1-75.
Vande Berg, M., Quinn, M., & Menyhart, C. (2012). An experiment in developmental teaching and learning abroad. In M. Vande Berg, R.M. Paige, & K. Hemming Lou. (Eds.), Student learning abroad what our students are learning, what they’re not and what we can do about it. (pp.383-410). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Younes, M.N., & Asay, S.M. (2003). The world as a classroom: The impact of international study experiences on college students. College Teaching, 51 (4), 141-147.
Anderson, P. H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R. J., & Hubbard, A. C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457-469.
Bakalis, S., and Joiner, T. A. (2004). Participation in tertiary study abroad programs: The role of personality. The International Journal of Educational Management, 18(5), 286-291.
Bennett, J. M. (2008). On becoming a global soul: A path to engagement during study abroad. In V. Savicki (Ed.), Developing intercultural competence and transformation (pp. 74-91). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Bennett, M. J. (1993). Towards ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity. In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Education for the intercultural experience (pp. 21–71). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Bennett, M. J. (2004). Becoming interculturally competent. In J. Wurzel (Ed.), Towards multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education (2nd ed., pp. 62-77). Newton, MA: Intercultural Resource Cooperation.
Castiglioni, I. (2013) Constructing intercultural competence in Italian social services and healthcare organizations: Pedagogical design, effectiveness research, and alternative visions for promoting ethnorelativism. Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities series, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Cranton, P. (1994). Understanding and promoting transformative learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc.
Deardorff, D.K. (2008). Intercultural Competence: A Definition, Model and Implications for Education Abroad. In V. Savicki (Ed.), Developing intercultural competence and transformation. (pp. 32-52). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Dewey, J. (1916). Democracy and education: An introduction to the philosophy of education, New York, NY: Macmillan.
Douglas, C., and Jones-Rikkers, C. G. (2001). Study abroad programs and American student worldmindedness: An empirical analysis. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 13(1), 55.
Dwyer, M.M. (2004). More is better: The impact of study abroad program duration. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, X, Fall, 151-163.
Engle, L. & Engle, J. (2012). Beyond immersion the American University Center of Provence experiment in holistic intervention. In M. Vande Berg, R.M. Paige, & K. Hemming Lou. (Eds.), Student learning abroad what our students are learning, what they’re not and what we can do about it. (pp.284-307). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Hammer, M.R. (2011). Additional cross-cultural validity testing of the Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35, 474-487.
Hammer, M.R., Bennett, M.J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). The Intercultural Development Inventory: A measure of intercultural sensitivity. In M. Paige (Guest Editor), International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421-443.
Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G.J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (3rd ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill.
Institute of International Education. (2014). Fast facts. Open Doors Data. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/Fast-Facts.
Institute of International Education. (2014). U.S. study abroad: Student profile. Open Doors Data. Retrieved from
http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/US-Study-Abroad/Student-Profile/2000-13
Institute of International Education. (2011). Press Release. U.S. campuses report that study abroad is rising. Retrieved from http://www.iie.org/Who-We-Are/News-and-Events/Press-Center/Press-Releases/2011/2011-11-14-Open-Doors-Fall-Survey-Study-Abroad
Kitsantas, A. (2004). Studying abroad: The role of college students' goals on the development of cross-cultural skills and global understanding. College Student Journal, 38(3), 441-453.
Lorenz, K., White, M., & Anderson, C. (2012). Using the IDI to Debrief on Instructor-led Programs. Presentation, Minneapolis, MN.
Meacham, J. & Gaff, J. G. (2006). Learning goals in mission statements. Liberal Education 92(I), 6-13.
Medina-Lopez-Portillo, A. (2004). Intercultural learning assessment: The link between program duration and the development of intercultural sensitivity. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, X (Fall), 179-199.
Mezirow, J. (2000). Learning to think like an adult core concepts of transformation theory. In J. Mezirow (Ed.), Learning as transformation critical perspectives on a theory in progress. (pp. 3-33). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
NAFSA. (2005). The Lincoln commission report. Retrieved from http://www.nafsa.org/uploadedFiles/NAFSA_Home/Resource_Library_Assets/CCB/lincoln_commission_report(1).pdf?n=6097
Nam, K. (2011). Intercultural development in the short-term study abroad context: A comparative case study analysis of global seminars in Asia (Thailand and Laos) and in Europe (Netherlands). (Unpublished doctoral dissertation from University of Minnesota, 2011). Retrieved from http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/104702/1/Nam_umn_0130E_11866.pdf
Pedersen, E. R., Cruz, R., LaBrie, J., & Hummer, J. (2011). Examining the relationships between acculturation orientations, perceived and actual norms, and drinking behaviors of short-term American sojourners in foreign environments. Prevention Science, 12 (4), 401-410.
Pedersen, E.R., Neighbors, C., Lee, C.M., & Larimer, M.E. (2012). Not all those who wander are lost: Examining the impact of sojourner adjustment and drinking motives on alcohol consequences experienced by Americans studying in foreign countries. Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs. 73(6). 1005-1015.
Pedersen, P.J. (2009). Teaching towards an ethnorelative worldview through psychology study abroad. Intercultural Education, 20/(S1-S2), S73-S86.
Pedersen, P.J. (2009). Assessing intercultural effectiveness outcomes in a year-long study abroad program. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 70-80.
Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 65-85.
Pettigrew, T.F. & Tropp, L.R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 90(5) 751-783.
Rexeisen, R., & Al-Khatib, J. (2009). Assurance of Learning and Study Abroad: A Case Study. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 20(3), 192-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08975930903099077
Sanford, N. (1966). Self & society. New York: Atherton Press.
Stephenson, S. (2002) Beyond the lapiths and the centaurs: Cross-cultural “deepening” through study abroad. In W. Grünzweig, N. Rinehart (Eds.), ‘Rockin’ in Red Square: Critical approaches to international education in the age of cyberculture (pp. 85–104). LIT, Münster
Vande Berg M., Connor-Linton, J., Paige, M.R. (2009). The Georgetown consortium project: Interventions for student learning abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XVIII. 1-75.
Vande Berg, M., Quinn, M., & Menyhart, C. (2012). An experiment in developmental teaching and learning abroad. In M. Vande Berg, R.M. Paige, & K. Hemming Lou. (Eds.), Student learning abroad what our students are learning, what they’re not and what we can do about it. (pp.383-410). Sterling, VA: Stylus.
Younes, M.N., & Asay, S.M. (2003). The world as a classroom: The impact of international study experiences on college students. College Teaching, 51 (4), 141-147.
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Published
2016-11-17
How to Cite
Anderson, C. L., Lorenz, K., & White, M. (2016). Instructor Influence on Student Intercultural Gains and Learning during Instructor-Led, Short-Term Study Abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 28(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v28i1.377
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