Literacy and Language Learning in a Study Abroad Context
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v4i1.66Keywords:
Literature, study abroad, social practices, foreign language literacyAbstract
In the present article, I aim to (1) comment on the de facto agenda for study abroad research, (2) review briefly the literature on reading and study abroad, (3) argue for a “social practices” view of foreign language literacy, and (4) present findings from an illustrative project in which a qualitative approach framed exploration of study abroad literacy as social practice.
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References
Amores, M. J. 1997. A new perspective on peer editing. Foreign Language Annals 30 (4): 513-522.
Barthes, R. 1968. L’effet de réel. Communications 11.
Bernhardt, E. B. 1991. Developments in second language literacy research: Retrospective and prospective views for the classroom. Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom ed. B.F. Freed, 221-251. Heath Series on Foreign Language Acquisition Research and Instruction. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
Bogdan, R., & S. J. Taylor. 1984. Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meanings. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Brecht, R. D., D. Davidson, & R. Ginsberg. 1993. Predictors of foreign language gain during study abroad. NFLC Occasional Paper. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center
Brecht, R. D., & J. Robinson. 1993. Qualitative analysis of second language acquisition in study abroad: The ACTR/NFLC Project. NFLC Occasional Paper. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.
Brecht, R. D., & J. Robinson. 1995. On the value of formal instruction in study abroad: student reactions in context. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B.F. Freed, 317-334. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Carlson, J. S., B. B. Burn, J. Useem, & D. Yachimowicz. 1990. Study abroad: The experience of American undergraduates. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Chiseri-Strater, E. 1991. Academic literacies: The public and private discourse of university students. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook Publishers.
Coleman, James A. 1997. Residence abroad within language study. Language Teaching 30: 1-20.
Creswell, J. W. 1994. Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
De Castell, S., & A. Luke. 1983. Defining “literacy” in North American schools: Social and historical conditions and consequences. Journal of Curriculum Studies 15: 373-389.
DeKeyser, R. M. 1986. From learning to acquisition. Foreign language development in a US classroom and during a semester abroad. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.
DeKeyser, R. M. 1991. Foreign language development during a semester abroad. Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom ed. B. F. Freed, 104-119. Heath Series on Foreign Language Acquisition Research and Instruction. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
De Ley, H. 1975. Organized programs of study in France: Some contributions of stranger theory. French Review 48: 836-847.
Delgado-Gaitan, C. 1989. Mexican adult literacy: New directions for immigrants. Becoming literate in English as a second language eds. S. R.
Goldman and H. T. Trueba, 9-32. Cognition and Literacy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Duran, R. 1989. Factors affecting development of second language literacy. Becoming literate in English as a second language eds. S. R. Goldman and H. T. Trueba, 33-55. Cognition and Literacy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Edelsky, C. 1991. With literacy and justice for all. Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education. London: The Falmer Press.
Erickson, F. 1988. School literacy, reasoning, and civility: An anthropologist’s perspective. Perspectives on literacy ed. E. R. Kintgen, B. M. Kroll, and M. Rose, 205-226. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Ferdman, B. M. 1990. Literacy and cultural identity. Harvard Educational Review 60: 181-204.
Ferguson, C. 1995. Foreword. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, xi-xv. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Fetterman, D. 1989. Ethnography: Step by step. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Firestone, W. A. 1993. Alternative arguments for generalizing from data as applied to qualitative research. Educational Researcher 22 (4): 16-23.
Freed, B. F. 1995a. Language learning and study abroad. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 3-33. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Freed, B. F. 1990. Language learning in a study abroad context: The effects of interactive and non-interactive out-of-class contact on grammatical achievement and oral proficiency. Linguistics, language teaching and language acquisition: The interdependence of theory, practice and research ed. J. Alatis. Georgetown Round Table on Linguistics. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Freed, B. F. (ed). 1995b. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context. Studies in Bilingualism. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Freed, B. F. 1995c. What makes us think that students who study abroad become fluent? Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 123-148. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Gee, J. P. 1990. Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses. Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education. London: The Falmer Press.
Geertz, C. 1973. The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Giles, H., & J. L. Byrne. 1982. An intergroup approach to second language acquisition. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 3: 17-40.
Ginsberg, R. 1992. Language gains during study abroad: An analysis of the ACTR data. National Foreign Language Center Working Papers. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.
Glaser, B. G., & A. L. Strauss. 1967. The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine.
Graden, E. C. 1996. How language teachers’ beliefs about reading instruction are mediated by their beliefs about students. Foreign Language Annals 29 (3): 387-395.
Guthrie, L. F., & W. S. Hall. 1988. Ethnographic approaches to reading research. Handbook of reading research ed. P. D. Pearson, 91-110. New York: Longman.
Hall, J. K., & J. Davis. 1995. What we know about relationships that develop between cooperating and student teachers. Foreign Language Annals 28 (1): 32-48.
Heath, S. B. 1983. Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hickman, J. 1981. A new perspective on response to literature: Research in an elementary school setting. Research in the Teaching of English 15 (4): 343-354.
Huebner, T. 1995. The effects of overseas language programs: Report on a case study of an intensive Japanese course. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 171-193. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Hynds, S. 1989. Bringing life to literature and literature to life: Social constructs and contexts of four adolescent readers. Research in the Teaching of English 23: 30-61.
Kamil, M. L. 1984. Current traditions of reading research. Handbook of reading research ed. P. D. Pearson, 39-62. New York: Longman.
Kern, R. 1995. Redefining the boundaries of foreign language literacy. Redefining the boundaries of language study ed. Claire Kramsch, 61-98. Issues in Language Program Direction. Boston: Heinle & Heinle, Publishers.
Kline, R. R. 1993. The social practice of literacy in a program of study abroad. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University.
Kline, R. R. 1991. Subversive reading: The text in the real world and the text of the real world. Paper presented at the twelfth annual Ethnography in Education Forum, Philadelphia.
Lave, J. et al. 1984. The dialectic of arithmetic in grocery shopping. Everyday cognition: Its development in social context ed. B. Rogoff and J. Lave, 67-94. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Lapkin, S., D. Hart, & M. Swain. 1995. A Canadian interprovincial exchange: Evaluating the linguistic impact of a three-month stay in Quebec. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 67-94. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Lincoln, Y. S., & E. G. Guba. 1985. But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. Naturalistic evaluation ed. by D. D. Williams, 78-84. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lincoln, Y. S., & E. G. Guba. 1986. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Marshall, C., & G. B. Rossman. 1995. Designing qualitative research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
McLaughlin, D. 1991. When literacy empowers: An ethnography of uses for English and Navajo print. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
Miller, L., & R. B. Ginsberg. 1995. Folklinguistic theories of language learning. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 293-315. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Morgan, G., & L. Smircich. 1980. The case for qualitative research. Academy of Management Review 5 (4): 491-500.
Nespor, J. 1991. The construction of school knowledge: A case study. Rewriting literacy: Culture and the discourse of the other eds. C. Mitchell and K. Weiler, 169-188. Critical Studies in Education and Culture Series. New York: Bergin and Garvey.
Polanyi, L. 1995. Language learning and living abroad: Stories from the field. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B.F. Freed, 271-291. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Radway, J. 1984. Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy, and popular literature. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
Schieffelin, B. B., & P. Gilmore (eds). 1986. The acquisition of literacy: Ethnographic perspectives. Advances in Discourse Processes 21. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Schumann, J. 1978. The acculturation model for second language acquisition. Second language acquisition and foreign language teaching ed. R. Gingras, Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Scribner, S., & M. Cole. 1981. The psychology of literacy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Shannon, P. 1989a. Broken promises: Reading instruction in twentieth century America. Granby, MA: Bergin and Garvey.
Shannon, P. 1989b. Paradigmatic diversity within the reading research community. Journal of Reading Behavior 21: 97-107.
Smith, D. M. 1986. The anthropology of literacy acquisition. The acquisition of literacy: Ethnographic perspectives eds. B. B. Schieffelin and P. Gilmore, 261-275. Advances in Discourse Processes 21. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Spradley, J. P. 1979. The ethnographic interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Spradley, J. P. 1980. Participant observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Street, B. 1984. Literacy in theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tierney, W. G. 1994. Knowledge and difference: A critical analysis of study abroad. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Tuman, M. C. 1987. A preface to literacy: An inquiry into pedagogy, practice, and progress. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press.
Twombly, S. B. 1995. Piropos and friendships: Gender and culture clash in study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 1: 1-27.
Van Maanen, J. 1988. Tales of the field: On writing ethnography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Vasquez, O. A. 1990. Connecting oral language strategies to literacy: An ethnographic study among four Mexican immigrant families. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University.
Wallace, C. 1988. Learning to read in a multicultural society: The social context of second language literacy. Language Teaching Methodology Series. New York: Prentice Hall.
Wilkinson, S. 1995. Foreign language conversation and the study abroad transition: A case study. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University.
Wilkinson, S. 1998. Study abroad from the participants’ perspective: A challenge to common beliefs. Foreign Language Annals 31 (1): 23-39.
Wolcott, H. F. 1994. Transforming qualitative data: Description, analysis, and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Wolcott, H. F. 1990. Writing up qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Barthes, R. 1968. L’effet de réel. Communications 11.
Bernhardt, E. B. 1991. Developments in second language literacy research: Retrospective and prospective views for the classroom. Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom ed. B.F. Freed, 221-251. Heath Series on Foreign Language Acquisition Research and Instruction. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
Bogdan, R., & S. J. Taylor. 1984. Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meanings. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Brecht, R. D., D. Davidson, & R. Ginsberg. 1993. Predictors of foreign language gain during study abroad. NFLC Occasional Paper. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center
Brecht, R. D., & J. Robinson. 1993. Qualitative analysis of second language acquisition in study abroad: The ACTR/NFLC Project. NFLC Occasional Paper. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.
Brecht, R. D., & J. Robinson. 1995. On the value of formal instruction in study abroad: student reactions in context. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B.F. Freed, 317-334. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Carlson, J. S., B. B. Burn, J. Useem, & D. Yachimowicz. 1990. Study abroad: The experience of American undergraduates. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Chiseri-Strater, E. 1991. Academic literacies: The public and private discourse of university students. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook Publishers.
Coleman, James A. 1997. Residence abroad within language study. Language Teaching 30: 1-20.
Creswell, J. W. 1994. Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
De Castell, S., & A. Luke. 1983. Defining “literacy” in North American schools: Social and historical conditions and consequences. Journal of Curriculum Studies 15: 373-389.
DeKeyser, R. M. 1986. From learning to acquisition. Foreign language development in a US classroom and during a semester abroad. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University.
DeKeyser, R. M. 1991. Foreign language development during a semester abroad. Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom ed. B. F. Freed, 104-119. Heath Series on Foreign Language Acquisition Research and Instruction. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
De Ley, H. 1975. Organized programs of study in France: Some contributions of stranger theory. French Review 48: 836-847.
Delgado-Gaitan, C. 1989. Mexican adult literacy: New directions for immigrants. Becoming literate in English as a second language eds. S. R.
Goldman and H. T. Trueba, 9-32. Cognition and Literacy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Duran, R. 1989. Factors affecting development of second language literacy. Becoming literate in English as a second language eds. S. R. Goldman and H. T. Trueba, 33-55. Cognition and Literacy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Edelsky, C. 1991. With literacy and justice for all. Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education. London: The Falmer Press.
Erickson, F. 1988. School literacy, reasoning, and civility: An anthropologist’s perspective. Perspectives on literacy ed. E. R. Kintgen, B. M. Kroll, and M. Rose, 205-226. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Ferdman, B. M. 1990. Literacy and cultural identity. Harvard Educational Review 60: 181-204.
Ferguson, C. 1995. Foreword. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, xi-xv. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Fetterman, D. 1989. Ethnography: Step by step. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Firestone, W. A. 1993. Alternative arguments for generalizing from data as applied to qualitative research. Educational Researcher 22 (4): 16-23.
Freed, B. F. 1995a. Language learning and study abroad. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 3-33. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Freed, B. F. 1990. Language learning in a study abroad context: The effects of interactive and non-interactive out-of-class contact on grammatical achievement and oral proficiency. Linguistics, language teaching and language acquisition: The interdependence of theory, practice and research ed. J. Alatis. Georgetown Round Table on Linguistics. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press.
Freed, B. F. (ed). 1995b. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context. Studies in Bilingualism. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Freed, B. F. 1995c. What makes us think that students who study abroad become fluent? Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 123-148. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Gee, J. P. 1990. Social linguistics and literacies: Ideology in discourses. Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education. London: The Falmer Press.
Geertz, C. 1973. The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. New York: Basic Books.
Giles, H., & J. L. Byrne. 1982. An intergroup approach to second language acquisition. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 3: 17-40.
Ginsberg, R. 1992. Language gains during study abroad: An analysis of the ACTR data. National Foreign Language Center Working Papers. Washington, DC: National Foreign Language Center.
Glaser, B. G., & A. L. Strauss. 1967. The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York: Aldine.
Graden, E. C. 1996. How language teachers’ beliefs about reading instruction are mediated by their beliefs about students. Foreign Language Annals 29 (3): 387-395.
Guthrie, L. F., & W. S. Hall. 1988. Ethnographic approaches to reading research. Handbook of reading research ed. P. D. Pearson, 91-110. New York: Longman.
Hall, J. K., & J. Davis. 1995. What we know about relationships that develop between cooperating and student teachers. Foreign Language Annals 28 (1): 32-48.
Heath, S. B. 1983. Ways with words: Language, life, and work in communities and classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hickman, J. 1981. A new perspective on response to literature: Research in an elementary school setting. Research in the Teaching of English 15 (4): 343-354.
Huebner, T. 1995. The effects of overseas language programs: Report on a case study of an intensive Japanese course. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 171-193. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Hynds, S. 1989. Bringing life to literature and literature to life: Social constructs and contexts of four adolescent readers. Research in the Teaching of English 23: 30-61.
Kamil, M. L. 1984. Current traditions of reading research. Handbook of reading research ed. P. D. Pearson, 39-62. New York: Longman.
Kern, R. 1995. Redefining the boundaries of foreign language literacy. Redefining the boundaries of language study ed. Claire Kramsch, 61-98. Issues in Language Program Direction. Boston: Heinle & Heinle, Publishers.
Kline, R. R. 1993. The social practice of literacy in a program of study abroad. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University.
Kline, R. R. 1991. Subversive reading: The text in the real world and the text of the real world. Paper presented at the twelfth annual Ethnography in Education Forum, Philadelphia.
Lave, J. et al. 1984. The dialectic of arithmetic in grocery shopping. Everyday cognition: Its development in social context ed. B. Rogoff and J. Lave, 67-94. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Lapkin, S., D. Hart, & M. Swain. 1995. A Canadian interprovincial exchange: Evaluating the linguistic impact of a three-month stay in Quebec. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 67-94. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Lincoln, Y. S., & E. G. Guba. 1985. But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. Naturalistic evaluation ed. by D. D. Williams, 78-84. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Lincoln, Y. S., & E. G. Guba. 1986. Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Marshall, C., & G. B. Rossman. 1995. Designing qualitative research. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
McLaughlin, D. 1991. When literacy empowers: An ethnography of uses for English and Navajo print. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
Miller, L., & R. B. Ginsberg. 1995. Folklinguistic theories of language learning. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B. F. Freed, 293-315. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Morgan, G., & L. Smircich. 1980. The case for qualitative research. Academy of Management Review 5 (4): 491-500.
Nespor, J. 1991. The construction of school knowledge: A case study. Rewriting literacy: Culture and the discourse of the other eds. C. Mitchell and K. Weiler, 169-188. Critical Studies in Education and Culture Series. New York: Bergin and Garvey.
Polanyi, L. 1995. Language learning and living abroad: Stories from the field. Second Language Acquisition in a Study Abroad Context ed. B.F. Freed, 271-291. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Radway, J. 1984. Reading the romance: Women, patriarchy, and popular literature. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press.
Schieffelin, B. B., & P. Gilmore (eds). 1986. The acquisition of literacy: Ethnographic perspectives. Advances in Discourse Processes 21. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Schumann, J. 1978. The acculturation model for second language acquisition. Second language acquisition and foreign language teaching ed. R. Gingras, Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Scribner, S., & M. Cole. 1981. The psychology of literacy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Shannon, P. 1989a. Broken promises: Reading instruction in twentieth century America. Granby, MA: Bergin and Garvey.
Shannon, P. 1989b. Paradigmatic diversity within the reading research community. Journal of Reading Behavior 21: 97-107.
Smith, D. M. 1986. The anthropology of literacy acquisition. The acquisition of literacy: Ethnographic perspectives eds. B. B. Schieffelin and P. Gilmore, 261-275. Advances in Discourse Processes 21. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
Spradley, J. P. 1979. The ethnographic interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Spradley, J. P. 1980. Participant observation. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Street, B. 1984. Literacy in theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tierney, W. G. 1994. Knowledge and difference: A critical analysis of study abroad. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.
Tuman, M. C. 1987. A preface to literacy: An inquiry into pedagogy, practice, and progress. Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press.
Twombly, S. B. 1995. Piropos and friendships: Gender and culture clash in study abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 1: 1-27.
Van Maanen, J. 1988. Tales of the field: On writing ethnography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Vasquez, O. A. 1990. Connecting oral language strategies to literacy: An ethnographic study among four Mexican immigrant families. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Stanford University.
Wallace, C. 1988. Learning to read in a multicultural society: The social context of second language literacy. Language Teaching Methodology Series. New York: Prentice Hall.
Wilkinson, S. 1995. Foreign language conversation and the study abroad transition: A case study. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. The Pennsylvania State University.
Wilkinson, S. 1998. Study abroad from the participants’ perspective: A challenge to common beliefs. Foreign Language Annals 31 (1): 23-39.
Wolcott, H. F. 1994. Transforming qualitative data: Description, analysis, and interpretation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Wolcott, H. F. 1990. Writing up qualitative research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
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Published
1998-11-15
How to Cite
Kline, R. R. . (1998). Literacy and Language Learning in a Study Abroad Context. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 4(1), 139–165. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v4i1.66
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