Effects of an International Experience Requirement, Year in School, and Preferred Program Duration on Student Interest in Study Abroad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.352Keywords:
International education, Study abroad, Study abroad interestAbstract
This study was conducted at a large research university in the western U.S.A that shares many postsecondary educational institutions’ goal of increasing the number of students engaged in international experiences. To achieve this goal, this institution has implemented an international experience requirement (IER) for approximately 30 disciplines. The aim of this research was to 1) determine if there exists a difference in desired program duration between students who are subject to the IER and those are not, 2) establishwhether degree of interest in study abroad differs by year in school and 3)examine differences in degree of interest in study abroad by the existence or absence of the IER, preferred program duration, and the interaction of these factors. The author’s intent was to augment the cumulative understanding of the field of international education by exploring the area of required international experience, which to date has not been adequately studied. As institutions take measures to send larger proportions of their student body abroad this topic will become increasingly relevant. Existing studies in this area are discussed below.
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References
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Allen, H. W. (2010). Language-learning motivation during short-term study abroad: An activity theory perspective. Foreign Language Annals, 43(1), 27-49.
Allen, H. W., & Herron, C. (2003). A mixed-methodology investigation of the linguistic and affective outcomes of summer study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 36(3), 370–385.
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290–305. doi:10.1177/1028315307303542
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Cisneros-Donahue, T., Krentler, K. A., Reinig, B., & Sabol, K. (2012). Assessing the Academic Benefit of Study Abroad. Journal of Education and Learning, 1(2), 169-178. http://doi.org:10.5539/jel.v1n2p169.
Deardorff, D. K. (2012). Looking to the future: Leadership perspectives on internationalization- A synthesis. AUDEM: The International Journal of Higher Education and Democracy, 3(1), 71–80.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985) Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
De Wit, H. (2002). The international dimension of higher education in the United States of America. In Internationalization of higher education in the United States of America and Europe: a historical, comparative, and conceptual analysis (pp. 19–40). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2003). Study abroad levels: Toward a classification of program types. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 9(1), 1–20.
Farrugia, C. A., & Bhandari, R. (2013). Open doors 2013 report on international educational exchange. New York: Institute of International Education.
Farrugia, C. A., Bhandari, R., & Chow, P. (2012). Open doors 2012 report on international educational exchange. New York: Institute of International Education.
Fornerino, M., Jolibert, A., Sánchez, C. M., & Zhang, M. (2011). Do values or goals better explain intent? A cross-national comparison. Journal of Business Research, 64(5), 490–496. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.03.007
Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. doi:10.1002/job.322
Goel, L., de Jong, P., & Schnusenberg, O. (2010). Toward a comprehensive framework of the study abroad intentions and behaviors. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 21(4), 248–265.
Grouzet, F. M. E., Kasser, T., Ahuvia, A., Dols, J. M. F., Kim, Y., Lau, S., … Sheldon, K. M. (2005). The Structure of Goal Contents Across 15 Cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 800–816. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.800
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Jenkins, K., & Skelly, J. (2004). Education Abroad Is Not Enough. International Educator, 13(1), 6–12.
Kasravi, J. (2009). Factors influencing the decision to study abroad for students of color: Moving beyond the barriers. University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/55058/1/Kasravi_umn_0130E_10602.pdf
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Levin, J. S. (2001). Public policy, community colleges, and the path to globalization. Higher Education, 42(2), 237–262.
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McLeod, M., & Wainwright, P. (2008). Researching the Study Abroad Experience. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(1), 66–71. doi:10.1177/1028315308317219
Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2013). Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods: Practical Application and Interpretation (5th ed.). Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing.
Naffziger, D. W., Bott, J. P., & Mueller, C. B. (2008). Factors influencing study abroad decisions among college of business students. International Business: Research, Teaching and Practice, 2(1), 39–52.
NAFSA. (2014). The International Student Economic Value Tool. Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.nafsa.org/Explore_International_Education
Nyaupane, G. P., Paris, C. M., & Teye, V. (2011). Study abroad motivations, destination selection and pre-trip attitude formation. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(3), 205–217. doi:10.1002/jtr.811
Open Doors. (2014). Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/Fast-Facts
Penn, E. B., & Tanner, J. (2009). Black Students and International Education: An Assessment. Journal of Black Studies, 40(2), 266–282. doi:10.1177/0021934707311128
Pope, J. A., Sánchez, C. M., Lehnert, K., & Schmid, A. S. (2014). Why Do Gen Y Students Study Abroad? Individual Growth and the Intent to Study Abroad. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 25(2), 97–118. doi:10.1080/08975930.2014.896232
Presley, A., Damron-Martinez, D., & Zhang, L. (2010). A study of business student choice to study abroad: a test of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 21(4), 227–247.
Qiang, Z. (2003). Internationalization of higher education: towards a conceptual framework. Policy Futures in Education, 1(2), 248–270.
Raby, R. L. (2012). Reimagining international education at community colleges. AUDEM: The International Journal of Higher Education and Democracy, 3(1), 81–98.
Raby, R. L., & Valeau, E. J. (2007). Community college international education: looking back to forecast the future. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2007(138), 5–14. doi:10.1002/cc.276
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Salisbury, M. H., Paulsen, M. B., & Pascarella, E. T. (2010). To See the World or Stay at Home: Applying an Integrated Student Choice Model to Explore the Gender Gap in the Intent to Study Abroad. Research in Higher Education, 51(7), 615–640. doi:10.1007/s11162-010-9171-6
Salisbury, M. H., Umbach, P. D., Paulsen, M. B., & Pascarella, E. T. (2008). Going Global: Understanding the Choice Process of the Intent to Study Abroad. Research in Higher Education, 50(2), 119–143. doi:10.1007/s11162-008-9111-x
Sánchez, C. M., Fornerino, M., & Zhang, M. (2006). Motivations and the Intent to Study Abroad Among U.S., French, and Chinese Students. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 18(1), 27–52. doi:10.1300/J066v18n01_03
Self-Determination Theory. (n.d.). Formal Theory: SDT’s Six Mini-Theories. Retrieved July 29, 2014, from http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/
Stone, M. J., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). The educational benefits of travel experiences: a literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 731–744. doi:10.1177/0047287513500588
Stroud, A. H. (2010). Who Plans (Not) to Study Abroad? An Examination of U.S. Student Intent. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14(5), 491–507. doi:10.1177/1028315309357942
Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41(1), 19–31.
Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating Learning, Performance, and Persistence: The Synergistic Effects of Intrinsic Goal Contents and Autonomy-Supportive Contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 246–260. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246
Allen, H. W. (2010). Language-learning motivation during short-term study abroad: An activity theory perspective. Foreign Language Annals, 43(1), 27-49.
Allen, H. W., & Herron, C. (2003). A mixed-methodology investigation of the linguistic and affective outcomes of summer study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 36(3), 370–385.
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 290–305. doi:10.1177/1028315307303542
Anderson, B. D. (2007). Students in a global village: The nexus of choice, expectation, and experience in study abroad. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from ProQuest (3274739).
Cisneros-Donahue, T., Krentler, K. A., Reinig, B., & Sabol, K. (2012). Assessing the Academic Benefit of Study Abroad. Journal of Education and Learning, 1(2), 169-178. http://doi.org:10.5539/jel.v1n2p169.
Deardorff, D. K. (2012). Looking to the future: Leadership perspectives on internationalization- A synthesis. AUDEM: The International Journal of Higher Education and Democracy, 3(1), 71–80.
Deci, E. L. & Ryan, R. M. (1985) Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
De Wit, H. (2002). The international dimension of higher education in the United States of America. In Internationalization of higher education in the United States of America and Europe: a historical, comparative, and conceptual analysis (pp. 19–40). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2003). Study abroad levels: Toward a classification of program types. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 9(1), 1–20.
Farrugia, C. A., & Bhandari, R. (2013). Open doors 2013 report on international educational exchange. New York: Institute of International Education.
Farrugia, C. A., Bhandari, R., & Chow, P. (2012). Open doors 2012 report on international educational exchange. New York: Institute of International Education.
Fornerino, M., Jolibert, A., Sánchez, C. M., & Zhang, M. (2011). Do values or goals better explain intent? A cross-national comparison. Journal of Business Research, 64(5), 490–496. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.03.007
Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 331–362. doi:10.1002/job.322
Goel, L., de Jong, P., & Schnusenberg, O. (2010). Toward a comprehensive framework of the study abroad intentions and behaviors. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 21(4), 248–265.
Grouzet, F. M. E., Kasser, T., Ahuvia, A., Dols, J. M. F., Kim, Y., Lau, S., … Sheldon, K. M. (2005). The Structure of Goal Contents Across 15 Cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(5), 800–816. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.800
Hernández, T. (2010). The relationship among motivation, interaction, and the development of second language oral proficiency in a study-abroad context. The Modern Language Journal, 94(4), 600-617.
Jenkins, K., & Skelly, J. (2004). Education Abroad Is Not Enough. International Educator, 13(1), 6–12.
Kasravi, J. (2009). Factors influencing the decision to study abroad for students of color: Moving beyond the barriers. University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/55058/1/Kasravi_umn_0130E_10602.pdf
Kreber, C. (2009). Different perspectives on internationalization in higher education. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2009(118), 1–14. doi:10.1002/tl.348
Levin, J. S. (2001). Public policy, community colleges, and the path to globalization. Higher Education, 42(2), 237–262.
Lewin, R. (2009). The quest for global citizenship through study abroad. In Ross Lewin (ed.) The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. xiii–xxii). New York: Routledge.
McLeod, M., & Wainwright, P. (2008). Researching the Study Abroad Experience. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(1), 66–71. doi:10.1177/1028315308317219
Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2013). Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods: Practical Application and Interpretation (5th ed.). Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing.
Naffziger, D. W., Bott, J. P., & Mueller, C. B. (2008). Factors influencing study abroad decisions among college of business students. International Business: Research, Teaching and Practice, 2(1), 39–52.
NAFSA. (2014). The International Student Economic Value Tool. Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.nafsa.org/Explore_International_Education
Nyaupane, G. P., Paris, C. M., & Teye, V. (2011). Study abroad motivations, destination selection and pre-trip attitude formation. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13(3), 205–217. doi:10.1002/jtr.811
Open Doors. (2014). Retrieved January 20, 2015, from http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/Open-Doors/Data/Fast-Facts
Penn, E. B., & Tanner, J. (2009). Black Students and International Education: An Assessment. Journal of Black Studies, 40(2), 266–282. doi:10.1177/0021934707311128
Pope, J. A., Sánchez, C. M., Lehnert, K., & Schmid, A. S. (2014). Why Do Gen Y Students Study Abroad? Individual Growth and the Intent to Study Abroad. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 25(2), 97–118. doi:10.1080/08975930.2014.896232
Presley, A., Damron-Martinez, D., & Zhang, L. (2010). A study of business student choice to study abroad: a test of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 21(4), 227–247.
Qiang, Z. (2003). Internationalization of higher education: towards a conceptual framework. Policy Futures in Education, 1(2), 248–270.
Raby, R. L. (2012). Reimagining international education at community colleges. AUDEM: The International Journal of Higher Education and Democracy, 3(1), 81–98.
Raby, R. L., & Valeau, E. J. (2007). Community college international education: looking back to forecast the future. New Directions for Community Colleges, 2007(138), 5–14. doi:10.1002/cc.276
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020
Salisbury, M. H., Paulsen, M. B., & Pascarella, E. T. (2010). To See the World or Stay at Home: Applying an Integrated Student Choice Model to Explore the Gender Gap in the Intent to Study Abroad. Research in Higher Education, 51(7), 615–640. doi:10.1007/s11162-010-9171-6
Salisbury, M. H., Umbach, P. D., Paulsen, M. B., & Pascarella, E. T. (2008). Going Global: Understanding the Choice Process of the Intent to Study Abroad. Research in Higher Education, 50(2), 119–143. doi:10.1007/s11162-008-9111-x
Sánchez, C. M., Fornerino, M., & Zhang, M. (2006). Motivations and the Intent to Study Abroad Among U.S., French, and Chinese Students. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 18(1), 27–52. doi:10.1300/J066v18n01_03
Self-Determination Theory. (n.d.). Formal Theory: SDT’s Six Mini-Theories. Retrieved July 29, 2014, from http://www.selfdeterminationtheory.org/theory/
Stone, M. J., & Petrick, J. F. (2013). The educational benefits of travel experiences: a literature review. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 731–744. doi:10.1177/0047287513500588
Stroud, A. H. (2010). Who Plans (Not) to Study Abroad? An Examination of U.S. Student Intent. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14(5), 491–507. doi:10.1177/1028315309357942
Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41(1), 19–31.
Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L. (2004). Motivating Learning, Performance, and Persistence: The Synergistic Effects of Intrinsic Goal Contents and Autonomy-Supportive Contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 246–260. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246
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Published
2015-11-11
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Richart, A. F. (2015). Effects of an International Experience Requirement, Year in School, and Preferred Program Duration on Student Interest in Study Abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 26(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.352
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