Black Student Experiences with Study Abroad Marketing and Recruitment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v34i2.524Keywords:
Study abroad, Black student experience, marketing, higher educationAbstract
Research has shown that Black students are not participating in study abroad at the same rates as their White peers. This participation gap is concerning given that study abroad is a high-impact experience with discernable benefits for students who participate; study abroad is linked to increased institutional engagement, self-esteem, student success, and higher starting salaries for students once they enter the workforce. While scholars have identified finances, family and faculty support, and program limitations as barriers to minority student participation in study abroad, research surrounding how Black students perceive and interpret study abroad marketing and recruitment was absent from the literature. This qualitative study explored how Black undergraduate students at predominantly White four-year higher education institutions described their experiences with study abroad marketing and recruitment. The study incorporated a document analysis of publicly available study abroad marketing materials alongside sixteen semi-structured interviews with self-identified Black undergraduate students. The results from the document analysis showed that institutions take a varied approach to study abroad marketing and that some institutions use imagery that could be described as colonialist, voyeuristic, or patronizing in nature. Perhaps unsurprisingly, Black student perceptions of and attitudes towards study abroad marketing varied based on the information and imagery in the materials. When institutions incorporated problematic imagery that portrayed the host culture in a paternalistic fashion, Black students described their experience with those materials negatively. In contrast, when marketing materials showed hosts in active positions of teaching and authority, Black students described their experience with the materials positively. Black students actively looked for representation in photos and materials and preferred materials that signaled inclusion through imagery and program design. Finally, when brochures seemed inauthentic (because they gave vague or inflated financial information, tokenized Black students and culture, or endorsed the program in a way that seemed overinflated), students were put-off. Overall, the study adds Black student narratives to the discourse of study abroad marketing and the findings provide valuable insight for higher education administrators seeking to improve inclusivity in study abroad.
Abstract in Spanish
Investigaciones anteriores han determinado que los estudiantes con ascendencia africana no están participando en programas de estudios extranjeros en las mismas cantidades que aquellos de raza caucásica. Esta discrepancia es preocupante, dado que el estudio en el extranjero es una experiencia importante con beneficios distinguibles para los participantes. Investigaciones anteriores demuestran que aquellos estudiantes que estudian en el extranjero participan más en el sistema de educación superior, tienen una autoestima más alta, y ganan salarios más altos cuando entran en la fuerza laboral. Se ha identificado que algunos obstáculos a los que los estudiantes de minoría se enfrentan en relación con la participación en estudios en el extranjero son la falta de recursos financieros, apoyo familiar y académico, y deficiencias en los propios programas. Sin embargo, estos análisis omiten una examinación de la manera en que los estudiantes con ascendencia africana perciben e interpretan la promoción de estos programas. El presente análisis cualitativo explora cómo estos estudiantes, sobre todo aquellos que cursan estudios en universidades de matrícula predominantemente blanca, describen sus experiencias con la promoción de programas de estudios en el extranjero. El presente estudio incorpora varios documentos públicos de promoción relacionada con el estudio en el extranjero junto a dieciséis entrevistas con estudiantes universitarios autoidentificados como afro-americanos. Los resultados demuestran la variedad de maneras que las instituciones de estudio superior utilizan para promocionar estos programas, algunas de las cuales, incluso, pudiendo ser consideradas como colonialistas, voyeristas, o condescendientes. La percepción de los estudiantes afro-americanos sobre los estudios en el extranjero demostró ser variada en base a la información y las imágenes usadas en la publicidad. Cuando las instituciones incorporaron imágenes problemáticas, que representaban a la cultura anfitriona de una manera paternalista, los estudiantes afro-americanos reportaron haber tenido una reacción adversa. Por contraste, cuando la publicidad presentó a los anfitriones en posiciones de autoridad, los estudiantes reaccionaron de una manera positiva. Los estudiantes afro-americanos buscaron y prefirieron materiales que representaban inclusión. Finalmente, cuando los folletos parecieron falsos o insinceros (porque presentaron información imprecisa o inflada sobre el tema de las finanzas o porque tokenizaron los estudiantes afro-americanos y su cultura) los estudiantes se sintieron desanimados. El presente estudio agrega narrativas de estudiantes afro-americanos al discurso.
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