Market-based, Universalist, and Emancipatory Logics of Study Abroad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v35i3.674Keywords:
Barriers, critical race theory, intersectional identities, minoritized students, study abroadAbstract
The study abroad experiences of low-income ethnoracially minoritized students contribute to, challenge, and extend our understanding of the social and academic effects of study abroad in higher education. The purpose of this contribution is to examine how and to what extent scholarship within the field of international higher education discusses ethnoracial and class disparities in study abroad. This conceptual article presents a typology, a thematic sorting of themes in the literature of three distinct approaches to the study and practice of study abroad. The article problematizes market-based and universalist approaches to study abroad and adopts Critical Race Theory and intersectional lenses to identify the structural constraints and interpersonal challenges that low-income ethnoracially minoritized students contend with.
Abstract in Spanish
Las experiencias de estudio en el extranjero de estudiantes de grupos etnorraciales minoritarios de bajos ingresos contribuyen a, desafían y amplían nuestra comprensión de los efectos sociales y académicos del estudio en el extranjero en la educación superior. El propósito de esta contribución es examinar cómo y en qué medida la investigación dentro del campo de la educación superior internacional discute las disparidades etnorraciales y de clase en el estudio en el extranjero. Este artículo conceptual presenta una tipología, una clasificación temática de temas en la literatura de tres enfoques distintos para el estudio y la práctica del estudio en el extranjero. El artículo problematiza los acercamientos universalistas y orientados hacia el mercado para estudiar en el extranjero, y adopta teoría crítica racial e interseccional para identificar las restricciones estructurales y los desafíos interpersonales con los que se enfrentan los estudiantes de grupos etnorraciales minoritarios de bajos ingresos.
Downloads
References
Acevedo, R.M. (2021). Crossing a broad divide: Enacting educational mobility justice in study abroad. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. https://hdl.handle.net/11299/223190
Acevedo, R.M. (2022). Ideational obstructions to mobility justice in U.S. study abroad, Mobilities. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2022.2156807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2022.2156807
Adkins, R. & Messerly, B. (2019). Toward decolonizing education abroad. In E. Brewer & A. C. Ogden (Eds.), Education abroad and the undergraduate experience (pp. 73-91). Stylus. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003444411-6
American Association of University Women. (2019). Black women & the pay gap. https://www.aauw.org/resources/article/black-women-and-the-pay-gap/
Annamma, S. A., Jackson, D. D., & Morrison, D. (2017). Conceptualizing color-evasiveness: Using dis/ability critical race theory to expand a color-blind racial ideology in education and society. Race Ethnicity and Education, 20(2), 147-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2016.1248837
Association of International Educators. (2003). Securing America's future: Global education for a global age. A report of the strategic task force on education abroad, 2003. Retrieved from: https://www.nafsa.org/sites/default/files/ektron/uploadedFiles/NAFSA_Home/Res ource_Library_Assets/Public_Policy/securing_america_s_future.pdf
Baker, P. S., & Talbot, S. (2016). Even the dirt is dangerous: Racism in U.S. American study abroad programs. In Stead, V. (Ed.) RIP Jim Crow: Fighting racism through higher education policy, curriculum, and cultural interventions (Equity in higher education theory, policy, & praxis; v. 6) (pp. 405-417). New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishing.
Bandyopadhyay, S. & Bandyopadhyay, K. (2015). Factors influencing student participation in college study abroad programs. Journal of International Education Research, 11(2), 87–94. https://doi.org/10.19030/jier.v11i2.9189 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/jier.v11i2.9189
Bashi, V. (2004). Globalized anti-blackness: Transnationalizing western immigration law, policy, and practice. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27(4), 584–606. https://doi.org/10.1080/01491987042000216726 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01491987042000216726
Bean, F. (2018). Growing U.S. ethnoracial diversity: A positive or negative societal dynamic? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 677(1), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218765415 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716218765415
Bell, A., Bhatt, R., Rubin, D. L., & Shiflet, C. (2023). Effects of education abroad on indices of student success among racial–ethnic minority college students. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 16(2), 226–235. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000327
Bell, D. A. (1992). Faces at the bottom of the well: The permanence of racism. New York: Basic Books. Bonilla-Silva. (2018). Racism without racists: color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America. (Fifth edition.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Benitez, M., Jr. (2010). Resituating culture centers within a social justice framework: Is there room for examining whiteness? In L. D. Patton (Ed.), Culture centers in higher education: Perspectives on identity, theory, and practice (pp. 119–134). Stylus DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003443971-9
Bernal, D. D. (2002). Critical race theory, Latino critical theory, and critical raced gendered epistemologies: Recognizing students of color as holders and creators of knowledge. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1), 105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107780040200800107
Bhabha, H. K. (2004). The location of culture. London: New York: Routledge.
Bhatt, R., Bell, A., Rubin, D., Shiflet, C., Hodges, L. (2022). Education abroad and college completion. Research in Higher Education, 63, 987-1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-022-09673-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-022-09673-z
Bonilla-Silva, E. (2018). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of inequality in the United States (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Brux, J.M., & Fry, B. (2010). Multicultural students in study abroad: Their interests, their issues, and their constraints. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14(5), 508-527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315309342486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315309342486
Buchanan, T., & Selmon, N. (2008). Race and gender differences in self-efficacy: Assessing the role of gender role attitudes and family background. Sex Roles, 58(11), 822-836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9389-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-008-9389-3
Butler, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York, NY: Routledge.
Chang, A. (2017). Call me a little critical if you will. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 16(1), 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192715614900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192715614900
Clay, C. (2022) Unpacking deficit based views of low Black student participation in study abroad and understanding the importance of culturally relevant study abroad programs for HBCU students. In Reimagining Internationalization and International Initiatives at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (pp. 205–219). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96490-0_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96490-0_13
Collins, P. H. (1998). Fighting words: Black women and the search for justice. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43, 1241-1279. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Cubillos, J.H., & Ilvento, T. (2012). The impact of study abroad on students’ self-efficacy perceptions. Foreign Language Annals, 45(4), 494-511. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2013.12002.x
Dancy, T. E., Edwards, K. T., & Earl Davis, J. (2018). Historically white universities and plantation politics: Anti-Blackness and higher education in the Black Lives Matter era. Urban Education, 53(2), 176–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085918754328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085918754328
DeCuir, J. T., & Dixson, A. D. (2004). So when it comes out, they aren’t that surprised that it is there: Using Critical Race Theory as a tool of analysis of race and racism in education. Educational Researcher, 33(5), 26–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X033005026
Delgando, R. Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York: New York University Press.
Dhamoon, R. (2011). Considerations on mainstreaming intersectionality. Political Research Quarterly, 64(1), 230-243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910379227 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912910379227
Doerr, N.M. (2018). ‘Global competence’ of minority immigrant students: Hierarchy of experience and ideology of global competence in study abroad. Discourse: Studies in the cultural politics of education. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2018.1462147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2018.1462147
Dumas M. J. (2016). Against the dark: Antiblackness in education policy ans discourse. Theory into Practice, 55, 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2016.1116852 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405841.2016.1116852
Fry, G. W., Paige, R. M., Jon, J., Dillow, J., & Nam, K. (2009). Study abroad and its transformative power (Occasional Papers on International Educational Exchange No. 32). http://www.ciee.org/home /research publications/documents/CIEEOccasional Papers32.pdf
Giroux, H.A. (2014). Neoliberalism’s war on higher education. Haymarket Books: ProQuest Ebook. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/utxa/detail.action?docID=1321794
Glass, C. & Gesing, P. (2021). Critical perspectives on equity and social mobility in study abroad. Interrogating issues of unequal access and outcomes. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145837 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003145837
Goldoni, F. (2015). Preparing students for studying abroad. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 15(4), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v15i4.13640 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v15i4.13640
Goldstein, S.B. (2022). Intercultural learning through study abroad. (Elements in Psychology and Culture). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781009127011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009127011
Haas, B.W. (2018) The impact of study abroad on improved cultural awareness: A quantitative review, Intercultural Education, 29(5-6), 571-588. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2018.1495319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2018.1495319
Hall, S. (1997). Where is the subject? In S. Hall (Ed.), Representation: cultural representations and signifying practices, 31-56. Milton Keynes: Open University.
Harris, C. I. (1995). Whiteness as property. In K. Crenshaw, N. Gotanda, G. Peller, & K. Thomas (Eds.), Race is...race isn’t: Critical race theory and qualitative studies in education (pp. 7-30). Westview Press.
Harris-Weedman, M. (2022). It takes a village: Holistic emancipatory framework for students of color in study abroad. In: Bista, K., Pinder, A.L. (eds) Reimagining Internationalization and International Initiatives at Historically Black Colleges and Universities. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96490-0_11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96490-0_11
Hill Collins, P. (1998). Fighting words: Black women and the search for justice. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Hoffa, W. (2007). A history of U.S. study abroad: Beginnings to 1965. Forum on Education Abroad. Carlisle, PA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/B.978-1-952376-11-5
IIE. (2017). Open Doors 2017 Executive Summary. Institute of International Education. https://www.iie.org/Why-IIE/Announcements/2017-11-13-Open-Doors-2017-Executive-Summary DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264276284-2-en
IIE. (2019). Open Doors Report on international educational exchange. Institute of International Education. https://opendoorsdata.org/
IIE. (2022). Open Doors Report on international educational exchange. Institute of International Education. https://opendoorsdata.org/
Jon, J., Shin, Y., & Fry, G. (2018). Understanding study abroad participants’ career decisions and perspectives in US higher education. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2018.1502608 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2018.1502608
Jones, J. & Schmitt, J. (2014). A college degree is no guarantee. Center for Economic and Policy Research. http://cepr.net/documents/black-coll-grads-2014-05.pdf
Ladson-Billings, G. (1998). Just what is critical race theory and what’s it doing in a nice field like education? International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 11(1), 7-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/095183998236863
Lee, J. & Green, Q. (2016). Unique opportunities: Influence of study abroad on black students. Frontiers Journal, 28, 61-77. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v28i1.380 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v28i1.380
Lörz, M., Netz, N., Quast, H. (2015). Why do students from underprivileged families less often intend to study abroad? Higher Education, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9943-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9943-1
Lu, C., Reddick, R., Dean, D., & Pecero, V. (2015) Coloring up study abroad: Exploring black students’ decision to study in China, Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 52(4), 440-451. http://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2015.1050032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2015.1050032
Lukosius, V., & Festervand, T. (2013). Marketing study abroad programs: A student recruitment model. American Journal of Business Education, 6(5), 483-494. https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v6i5.8038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v6i5.8038
Lynn, M., Yosso, T., Solórzano, D., & Parker, L. (2002). Critical race theory and education: Qualitative research in the new millennium. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1), 3-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800402008001001
M’Balia, T. (2013). The problematization of racial/ethnic minority student participation in U.S. study abroad. Applied Linguistics Review, 4(2), 365-390. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2013-0016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2013-0016
Malcolm, Z., & Mendoza, P. (2014). Afro-Caribbean international students’ ethnic identity development: Fluidity, intersectionality, agency, and performativity. Journal of College Student Development, 55(6), 595-614. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2014.0053 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2014.0053
Mapp, S. (2012). Effect of Short-Term Study Abroad Programs on Students’ Cultural Adaptability. Journal of Social Work Education, 48(4), 727-737. https://doi.org/10.5175/JSWE.2012.201100103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5175/JSWE.2012.201100103
Moradi, B., & Grzanka, P. R. (2017, in press). Using intersectionality responsibly: Toward critical epistemology, structural analysis, and social justice activism. Journal of Counseling Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000203
Moreno, R. (2021). Disrupting neoliberal and neocolonial ideologies in U.S. study abroad: From discourse to intervention. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 33(2), 93-109. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v33i2.529 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v33i2.529
Naidoo, R., & Jamieson, I. (2005). Knowledge in the marketplace: The global commodification of teaching and learning in higher education. In M. Ninnes, P., Hellstén (Ed.), Internationalizing Higher Education (16th ed., pp. 37–51). Dordrecht: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3784-8_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3784-8_3
National Center for Education Statistics. (2019). The condition of education. Retrieved from https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cuc.asp
Nguyen-Voges, S. (2015). Revisiting the literature on study abroad participation in Adult and higher education: Moving beyond two decades and two percent. International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 14(1), 57-70.
Nyunt, G., Niehaus, E., & Benavides, M. (2022). A catalyst for learning or reinforcement of inequities: Using a critical hope lens to understand the potential and limitations of short-term study abroad in fostering students’ ability to effectively interact across differences. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000421 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/dhe0000421
Padgett, R. D., Johnson, M. P., & Pascarella, E. T. (2012). First-generation undergraduate students and the impacts of the first year of college: Additional evidence. Journal of College Student Development, 53(2): 243-266. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1353/csd.2012.0032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0032
Pascarella, E. T., Pierson, C. T., Wolniak, G. C., & Terenzini, P. T. (2004). First-generation college students: Additional evidence on college experiences and outcomes. The Journal of Higher Education, 75(3): 249-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2004.11772256 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2004.0016
Patterson, A.N., Walker, D., & Bennett, R., III (2022). Contextualized consciousness: The contribution of study abroad to self-understandings of Black male student Travelers. Journal of Negro Education 91(1), 83–100. https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/862074
Pizarro, M. (1999). "Adelante!": Toward social justice and empowerment. Chicana/o communities and Chicana/o studies. In L. Parker, D. Deyhle, & S. Villenas (Eds.), Race is y race isn’t: Critical Race Theory and qualitative studies in education (pp. 53-81). Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 (1896). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429503504-4
Porter, C., Ward, L.W.M., & Patton, L. (2022). Toward understanding COVID-19’s economic impact on Black women in U.S. higher education. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 60(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2021.2006678 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2021.2006678
Quan, T., Diao, W., & Trentman, E. (2023). Returning to normal?: Reimagining study abroad and language learning for a sustainable and equitable future. L2 Journal, 15(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/L215260152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5070/L215260152
Ramírez, G. B. (2013). Learning abroad or just going abroad? International education in opposite sides of the border. Qualitative Report, 18(62), 1-11.
Roy, A., Newman, A., Ellenberger, T., & Pyman, A. (2019). Outcomes of international student mobility programs: A systematic review and agenda for future research. Studies in Higher Education, 44(9), 1630–1644. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1458222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2018.1458222
Salisbury, M., Paulsen, M., & Pascarella, E. (2011). Why do all the study abroad students look alike? Applying an integrated student choice model to explore differences in the factors that influence white and minority students' intent to study abroad. Research In Higher Education, 52(2), 123-150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-010-9191-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-010-9191-2
Shin, M. M., Noh, E. J., & Lee, J. (2018). Study abroad programs as a service convergence: An international marketing approach. Service Business, 12(2), 253–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-017-0345-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-017-0345-6
Simon, J., & Ainsworth, J. (2012). Race and socioeconomic status differences in study abroad participation: The role of habitus, social networks, and cultural capital. ISRN Education, 2012, 21. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/413896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/413896
Solórzano, D. G. (1997). Images and words that wound: Critical race theory, racial stereotyping, and teacher education. Teacher Education Quarterly, 24(3), 5-19.
Törrönen, J. (2001). The concept of subject position in empirical social research. Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 31(3): 313-330. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00161
Tsantir, S. B., & Titus, B. J. (2006). Heritage seeking and education abroad: A case study. IIE Networker Magazine. https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/naylor/IIEB0206/index.php?started=
Twombly, S. B., Salisbury, M. H., Tumanut, S. D., & Klute, P. (2012). Special issue: Study abroad in a new global century--renewing the promise, refining the purpose. ASHE Higher Education Report, 38(4), 1-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aehe.20004
Wanger, S., Minthorn, R., Weinland, K., Appleman, B., James, M., & Arnold, A. (2012). Native American Student Participation in Study Abroad: An Exploratory Case Study. American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 36(4), 127-151. https://doi.org/10.17953/aicr.36.4.08707161x6235611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17953/aicr.36.4.08707161x6235611
Warren, K.C. (2020). Rethinking racial, ethnoracial, and imperial categories: Key concepts in comparative race studies in the history of education. History of Education Quarterly, 60(4), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.42
Watkins Liu, C. (2017). The anti-oppressive value of Critical Race Theory and Intersectionality in social movement study. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 4(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/233264921774377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649217743771
Wick, D. (2011). Study abroad for students of color: A third space for negotiating agency and identity. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). San Francisco State University, CA.
Wick, D., Willis, T. Y., Rivera, J., Lueker, E., & Hernandez, M. (2019). Assets-based learning abroad: First-generation Latinx college students leveraging and increasing community cultural wealth in Costa Rica. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XXXI (2), 63-85. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v31i2.455 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v31i2.455
Wilderson F. B. (2010). Red, white & black: Cinema and the structure of U.S. antagonisms. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv11cw61k
Willis, T. Y. (2015). And still we rise: Microaggressions and intersectionality in the study abroad experiences of Black women from community colleges. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 26, 209-230. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.367 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.367
Xu, M., De Silva, C. R., Neufeldt, E., Dane, J. H. (2013). The impact of study abroad on academic success: An analysis of first-time students entering old Dominion University, Virginia. 2000-2004. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 23, 90-103. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v23i1.331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v23i1.331
Yosso, T. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race Ethnicity and Education, 8, 69–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006
Young, I. (1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton University
Zamudio, M., Russell, C., Rios, F., & Bridgement, J. (2011). Critical race theory matters: education and ideology. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203842713
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Rosa Maria Acevedo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
