Virtual Exchange in Teacher Preparation: Identifying and Disrupting Dangerous Narratives about the Middle East and North Africa Region

Authors

  • Jennice McCafferty-Wright Missouri State University
  • Mya M. Kemper Summit Intermediate School, Nixa Public School District

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v36i2.932

Keywords:

American Midwest, contact hypothesis, MENA region, teacher preparation, virtual exchange

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of virtual exchange on disrupting dangerous narratives about the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region among pre-service elementary teachers in the Midwestern region of the United States. The virtual exchange program provided direct interaction with teacher candidates in Morocco. Analysis of pre- and post-exchange memos revealed a significant shift from negative narratives to positive, generalized perceptions of the MENA region. While the shift towards positive generalizations represents progress, it also emphasizes the need for nuanced understanding and ongoing engagement. After participating in the exchange, pre-service teachers also communicated a strong desire to teach about the world and its people. This study highlights the possibilities of virtual exchange as a tool for preparing future educators who have been influenced by post-9/11 educational and media narratives. It advocates for the integration of virtual exchange as a mainstream approach to foster teaching for global understanding among teacher candidates.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Jennice McCafferty-Wright, Missouri State University

Jennice McCafferty-Wright is an Associate Professor in the College of Education at Missouri State University where she is the Dean’s Fellow for Global Education. Her commitments include learning from and with teachers working in public diplomacy initiatives, associations, and NGOs. She currently coordinates Missouri State University’s Global Education Lab and a virtual exchange for new and future teachers. She holds a PhD in Learning, Teaching, and Curriculum from the University of Missouri.

Mya M. Kemper, Summit Intermediate School, Nixa Public School District

Mya Kemper is a fifth-grade math, science, and social studies teacher at Summit Intermediate School in the Nixa Public School District. She holds a Masters in Elementary Education with a certificate in Environmental STEM from the College of Education at Missouri State University (MSU). During her time at MSU, she completed research on the impact of virtual exchange on the narratives held by teacher candidates, and she served as the President of Bears Teach Elementary.

References

Ahmed, S., & Matthes, J. (2017). Media representation of Muslims and Islam from 2000 to 2015: A meta-analysis. International Communication Gazette, 79(3), 219-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048516656305

Akenson, J. E. (1987). Historical factors in the development of elementary social studies: Focus on the expanding environments. Theory & Research in Social Education, 15(3), 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.1987.10505543

Akpovo, S. M., Thapa, S., & Halladay, M. (2020). Learning to see teaching as a cultural activity: U.S. preservice teachers’ significant experiences with Nepali mentor teachers during an international field experience. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 34(1), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2019.1692107

Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

Arndt, S., Akpovo, S. M., Tesar, M., Han, T., Huang, F., & Halladay, M. (2021). Collaborative online learning across borders (COLAB): Examining intercultural understandings of preservice teachers in a virtual cross-cultural university-based program. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 35(2), 281-296. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2021.1880994

Baralt, M., Doscher, S., Boukerrou, L., Bogosian, B., Elmeligi, W., Hdouch, Y., Istifan, J., Nemouchi, A., Khachatryan, T., Elsakka, N., Arana, F., Cobos-Solis, J., Perez, G., Mouchane, S.-E., & Vassigh, S. (2022). Virtual tabadul: Creating language-learning community through virtual reality. Journal of International Students, 12(S3), 168–188. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12iS3.4638

Barlow, F. K., Paolini, S., Pedersen, A., Hornsey, M. J., Radke, H. R., Harwood, J., ... & Sibley, C. G. (2012). The contact caveat: Negative contact predicts increased prejudice more than positive contact predicts reduced prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(12), 1629-1643. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212457953

Beinin, J. (2010). Knowing the “other”: Arabs, Islam, and the West. In H. R. Markus & P. M. L. Moya (Eds.), Doing race (pp. 199-215). W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Boeije, H. (2002). A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 36(4), 391-409.

Bohan, C. H. (2005). Digging trenches: Nationalism and the first national report on the elementary history curriculum. Theory & Research in Social Education, 33(2), 266-291.

Brophy, J., & Alleman, J. (2006). A reconceptualized rationale for elementary social studies. Theory & Research in Social Education, 34(4), 428-454.

Brown, R., & Hewstone, M. (2005). An integrative theory of intergroup contact. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 255–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(05)37005-5

Cameron, L., Rutland, A., Brown, R., & Douch, R. (2006). Changing children’s intergroup attitudes toward refugees: Testing different models of extended contact. Child Development, 77(5), 1208-1219.

Devereux, T., & Glenn, A. (2022). Transformational learning through shifting global perspectives: The impact of COVID-19 on a global classroom in the U.S. and Liberia. Journal of International Students, 12(S3), 96–115. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12iS3.4642

Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2000). Aversive racism and selection decisions: 1989 and 1999. Psychological Science, 11(4), 315-319.

Dixon, J., Durrheim, K., & Tredoux, C. (2005). Beyond the optimal contact strategy: A reality check for the contact hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(7), 697-711.

Eren, Ö. (2021). Raising critical cultural awareness through telecollaboration: Insights for pre-service teacher education. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1916538

Foody, K. M. (2018). Muslims in the American media: From texts to affects. Journal of Islamic Studies, 29(2), 230–251. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/etx089

Gleason, B., & Cherrez, N. J. (2021, February 6). Design thinking approach to global collaboration and empowered learning: Virtual exchange as innovation in a teacher education course. TechTrends, 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-020-00573-6

Haste, H. (2010). Citizenship education: A critical look at a contested field. In L. R. Sherrod, J.

Torney Purta, & C. A. Flanagan (Eds.) Handbook of research on civic engagement in youth (pp. 161-188). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hewstone, M., & Brown, R. (1986). Contact is not enough: An intergroup perspective on the ‘contact hypothesis’. In M. Hewstone & R. Brown (Eds.), Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters (pp. 1–44). Blackwell.

Hewstone, M., & Swart, H. (2011). Fifty-odd years of inter-group contact: From hypothesis to integrated theory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 374-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.2011.02047.x

Kincheloe, J. L., & McLaren, P. L. (1994). Rethinking Critical Theory and Qualitative Research. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 138-157). Sage.

LeRiche, L.W. (1987). The expanding environments sequence in elementary social studies: The origins. Theory and Research in Social Education, 15(3), 137–154.

Lee, J., Leibowitz, J., Rezek, J., Millea, M., & Saffo, G. (2022). The impact of international virtual exchange on student success. Journal of International Students, 12(S3), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12iS3.4593

McCafferty-Wright, J. (2016). Disrupting a diversity desert: A rural teacher’s journey. In L. Miller, D. Becker, & K. Becker (Eds.), Technology for transformation: Perspectives of hope in the digital age (pp. 157-174). Information Age Publishing.

McCafferty-Wright, J. & Kordic, A. (2020). “I never thought quarantine would take me all over the world.” In R. Ferdig, E. Baumgartner, R. Hartshorne, R. Kaplan-Rakowski, & C. Mouza (Eds.), Teaching, technology, and teacher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stories from the field (pp. 373-378). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/216903/ .

Media Portrayals of Minorities Project. (2019). Report on media portrayals: 2018 newspaper coverage of African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, Jews, and Muslims. Middlebury College. https://www.mediaandminorities.org/assets/media-contributions/AnnualReport2018.pdf

Nesdale, D., Durkin, K., Maass, A., & Griffiths, J. (2005). Group norms, threat, and children’s racial prejudice. Child Development, 76(3), 652-663.

Nelson, J. L. (1976). Nationalistic vs. global education: An examination of national bias in the schools and its implications for a global society. Theory & Research in Social Education, 4(1), 33-50.

O’Dowd, R. (2018). From telecollaboration to virtual exchange: State-of-the-art and the role of UNICollaboration in moving forward. Journal of Virtual Exchange, 1, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2018.jve.1

Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(5), 751-783.

Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2011). When groups meet: The dynamics of intergroup contact. Psychology Press.

Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.

Said, E. (1980). Islam through western eyes. The Nation. www.thenation.com/article/islam-through-western-eyes#

Sensoy, Ö. (2010). “Ickity-ackity open sesame”: Learning about the Middle East in images. In B.

Shaheen, J. (2012). How the media created the Muslim monster myth. The Nation. www.thenation.com/article/168382/how-media-created-muslim-monster-myth#

Subedi, B. (2010). Reading the world through critical global perspectives. In B. Subedi (Ed.) Critical global perspectives: Rethinking knowledge about global societies (pp. 1-18). Information Age Publishing.

Turner, R. N., & Crisp, R. J. (2010). Imagining intergroup contact reduces implicit prejudice. British Journal of Social Psychology, 49(1), 129-142.

Uzum, B., Akayoglu, S., & Yazan, B. (2020). Using telecollaboration to promote intercultural competence in teacher training classrooms in Turkey and the USA. ReCALL, 32, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344019000235

Weaver, G., Hiltebrand, G., Ngai, G., & Chan, S. (2022). Faculty perceptions of building collaborative teaching capacities within a transnational virtual exchange: A collaborative autoethnography. Journal of International Students, 12(S3), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12iS3.4633

Whatley, M., LaVenture, S., & Russell, N. (2022). Centering equity in community college virtual international exchange: An exploration of program typology and participant demographics. Journal of International Students, 12(S3), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v12iS3.4621

Westheimer, J. (Ed.) (2007). Pledging allegiance: The politics of patriotism in America’s schools. Teachers College Press.

Westheimer, J. (2011). Politics and patriotism in education. In J. DeVitis (Ed.) Critical civic literacy: A reader (pp. 81-92). Peter Lang.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-01

How to Cite

McCafferty-Wright, J., & Kemper, M. M. (2024). Virtual Exchange in Teacher Preparation: Identifying and Disrupting Dangerous Narratives about the Middle East and North Africa Region. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 36(2), 91–107. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v36i2.932