Navigating the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Disconnect

Authors

  • Ariadne Ferro IE University & CEA CAPA
  • Jeremy R. Doughty University Studies Abroad Consortium
  • Lisa Johnson Keene State College
  • Andrew Gordon Includifi & Diversity Abroad

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v37i1.1074

Keywords:

DEI, diversity, Europe, inclusion, study abroad

Abstract

Europe remains the top destination for U.S. university students seeking a global academic experience with over 64% choosing European programs. Despite surface-level cultural similarities, U.S. students often face challenges navigating the deeper sociocultural dynamics and differing approaches to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within European societies. This manuscript explores the "DEI disconnect" between U.S. students and European education-abroad programs, where U.S. students arrive with DEI attitudes shaped by U.S. philosophies, only to encounter local frameworks that may not align with their expectations. Through an examination of DEI in both U.S. and European contexts, alongside data from Diversity Abroad’s student survey and case studies from professional practice, this paper provides a foundation for understanding these challenges. We offer actionable recommendations to integrate DEI considerations into the education-abroad lifecycle and encourage further exploration of DEI in global education.

Abstract in Spanish

Europa continúa siendo el destino preferido de los estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses que buscan una experiencia académica internacional, con más del 64% optando por programas europeos. Aunque a primera vista existen similitudes culturales, los estudiantes norteamericanos suelen encontrarse con retos al enfrentarse a dinámicas socioculturales más complejas y a distintas perspectivas sobre diversidad, equidad e inclusión (DEI) en las sociedades europeas. Este artículo analiza la "brecha DEI" que existe entre los estudiantes estadounidenses y los programas educativos europeos: los estudiantes llegan con una visión de DEI formada por la filosofía estadounidense y se encuentran con marcos locales que no siempre corresponden a sus expectativas. Mediante un análisis de DEI tanto en el contexto estadounidense como en el europeo, junto con datos de la encuesta estudiantil de Diversity Abroad y casos prácticos profesionales, este trabajo establece las bases para entender estos retos. Proponemos recomendaciones concretas para incorporar aspectos de DEI en el ciclo completo de la educación internacional y animamos a seguir explorando el papel de DEI en la educación global.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Ariadne Ferro, IE University & CEA CAPA

Ariadne Ferro is an intercultural education specialist with a PhD in Modern Languages from Universidad de Alcalá. Ariadne’s leadership roles in international education include executive director of APUNE and positions at Syracuse University Madrid, Saint Louis University Madrid, and Davidson College in Madrid. She is faculty at IE University and CEA CAPA, where she teaches intercultural communication, cross-cultural management, and inclusive leadership. She also runs The Zunzún, a consultancy specializing in intercultural and neuroinclusion work.

Jeremy R. Doughty, University Studies Abroad Consortium

Jeremy R. Doughty is an academic innovation and research specialist with the University Studies Abroad Consortium (USAC). In this role, he focuses on curriculum integration, program development, and trends analysis. Jeremy received his Ph.D. in higher education administration from Bowling Green State University and his M.A. in international education from the SIT Graduate Institute.

Lisa Johnson, Keene State College

Lisa Johnson is the Coordinator of Global Education at Keene State College, starting in August 2024. With over 20 years of experience, she was previously the associate dean for international study at Smith College. Lisa has presented at international conferences, including the 2024 Global Inclusion Regional Summit, and published in Case Studies in International Education. She holds a Master’s in International Education and is pursuing a Doctorate of Education at Antioch University.

Andrew Gordon, Includifi & Diversity Abroad

Andrew Gordon is CEO and Founder of Includifi, a learning technology company focused on supporting first-generation student success. Previously, he founded and led Diversity Abroad (2006-2023), where he now serves as strategic advisor. With over 15 years of leadership experience in global education and diversity initiatives, Gordon advises educational institutions and organizations on inclusive practices and student success strategies. A graduate of the University of San Francisco, he is multilingual and has worked across six continents in 60+ countries.

References

Agathocleous, A., Conway, K., & Moore, R. (2024). Trump on DEI and anti-discrimination law. https://www.aclu.org/publications/trump-on-dei-and-anti-discrimination-law

Betts, A. (2024, April 21). What to know about state laws that limit or ban D.E.I. efforts at colleges. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/us/dei-education-state-laws.html

Brooks, R. (2019). The construction of higher education students within national policy: a cross-European comparison. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 51(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2019.1604118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2019.1604118

Charles, J. B. (2023, June 23). The evolution of DEI. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-evolution-of-dei

Claeys-Kulik, A. L., Ekman Jørgensen, T., & Stöber, H. (2019, November). Diversity, equity and inclusion in European higher education institutions: Results from the INVITED project. https://www.eua.eu/downloads/publications/web_diversity%20equity%20and%20inclusion%20in%20european%20higher%20education%20institutions.pdf

Dickinson College. (2021). Center for Global Study & Engagement (CGSE) 2017-20 impact report. https://online.anyflip.com/udclp/gwhp/mobile/index.html

Dickinson College. (n.d.). DEI in a global context. https://www.dickinson.edu/homepage/1569/dei_in_a_global_context

Diversity Abroad. (2019). Global equity & inclusion guidelines for education abroad (2nd ed.). https://diversityabroad.org/common/Uploaded%20files/Global%20GEI%20Guidelines/GEI%20Guidelines_2nd%20Edition.pdf

Diversity Abroad. (n.d.). The Global Education Diversity & Inclusion Certificate. https://diversityabroad.org/public/DIVaPublic/Training-Development/Global-Education-DI-Certificate.aspx

Esmieu, P., Mullen, S., Castro Samayoa, A., Gasman, M., Perkins, C., Wolff, M., Jimenez, C. D., & Beazley, M. (2016). Increasing diversity abroad: Expanding opportunities for students at minority serving institutions. https://cmsi.gse.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/MSI_StdyAbrdRprt_R4fin.pdf

ETH Zürich. (n.d.). Diversity topics. https://ethz.ch/staffnet/en/employment-and-work/working-environment/diversity/diversity-dimensions.html

European Centre for Economic and Policy Analysis and Affairs. (2024). Bridging borders: Examining DEI policies in European higher education for immigrant inclusion. https://www.ecepaa.eu/bridging-borders-examining-dei-policies-in-european-higher-education-for-immigrant-inclusion/

European Commission. (2016, July 20). Italy: Initiatives to facilitate refugees' access to universities proliferate and unite. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/news/italy-initiatives-facilitate-refugees-access-universities-proliferate-and-unite_en

European Commission. (2021a). Guidelines on improving the collection and use of equality data. https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2021-09/en-guidelines-improving-collection-and-use-of-equality-data.pdf

European Commission. (2021b). Implementation guidelines: Erasmus+ and European Solidarity Corps inclusion and diversity strategy. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-09/implementation-inclusion-diversity_apr21_en.pdf

European Commission. (n.d.). The Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area. https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education/bologna-process

Green, A., & Chaudhary, A. (2023, March 14). Interculturalization at the center of global diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts. https://diversityabroad.org/public/DIVaPublic/Articles/Article-Items/Interculturalization_GDEI.aspx

Harvey, T. (n.d.). An educator’s guide to intercultural learning: Ten ways to inspire learning across difference. https://academics.lmu.edu/media/lmuacademics/global-localinitiatives/documents/An%20Educators%20Guide%20to%20Intercultural%20Learning.pdf

Hefiela, A. (2024). Invisible disabilities in higher education: A cultural comparison of students’ experiences with invisible disabilities in Kuwait and Belgium. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 320–374. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.122020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.122020

Holben, A., & Özel, C. (2015). International exchange with a disability: Enhancing experiences abroad through advising and mentoring. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 28(4), 405–412.

https://opendoorsdata.org/data/us-study-abroad/student-profile/

Insight Into Diversity. (2023, September 17). Pivotal moments in higher education DEI. https://www.insightintodiversity.com/pivotal-moments-in-higher-education-dei/

Institute of International Education (2024c). Student profile.

Institute of International Education. (2024a). Host regions. https://opendoorsdata.org/data/us-study-abroad/host-regions/

Institute of International Education. (2024b). Leading destinations. https://opendoorsdata.org/data/us-study-abroad/leading-destinations/

Jones, S. R., Torres, V., & Arminio, J. (2014). Negotiating the complexities of qualitative research in higher education. Routledge.

JP Morgan Chase & Co. (2023). France professional equality index for men and women. https://www.jpmorgan.com/content/dam/jpmorgan/documents/global/disclosures/2023-France-Professional-Equality-Index.pdf

Kasravi, J., Garcia, E., & Lopez-McGee, L. (2023). 2023 Global Education Experience Student Survey. https://diversityabroad.org/common/Uploaded%20files/Research_Reports/2022%20_GEE%20S%20Survey.pdf

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall.

Lange, A. C., & Lee, J. A. (2024). Centering our humanity: Responding to anti-DEI efforts across higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 65(1), 113–116. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2024.a919356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2024.a919356

Lecerf, M. (2023). Understanding EU policies for people with disabilities. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/698811/EPRS_BRI%282021%29698811_EN.pdf

León Sánchez, M., Fiorucci, M., Catarci, M., & González Monteagudo, J. (2023). Analysis of intercultural education policies in Italy and Spain: A comparative perspective. Journal of Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies, 27, 137–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/ecps-2023-027-sanc DOI: https://doi.org/10.7358/ecps-2023-027-sanc

Marliere, P. (2023, May 9). Opinion: French universalism sidelines ethnic minorities–why that must change. UCL News. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/may/opinion-french-universalism-sidelines-ethnic-minorities-why-must-change

Marris, E. (2024, February 13). Culture wars are raging on US campuses. Will they affect research? Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00393-1

Masterson-Algar, A., Jennings, B., & Odenwelder, M. (2020). How to run together: On study abroad and the ASD Experience. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 32(1), 104–118. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v32i1.436 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v32i1.436

Özkan-Haller, H. T. (2021, June 1). A better approach to diversity training for faculty. Higher Ed Dive. https://www.highereddive.com/news/a-better-approach-to-diversity-training-for-faculty/600977/

Powell, A. (2022, June 22). How Title IX transformed colleges, universities over past 50 years. The Harvard Gazette. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/06/how-title-ix-transformed-colleges-universities-over-past-50-years/

Stoltz, M. (2019, July 1). ADA in education abroad: Strategies for advising and supporting students with disabilities. International Educator Magazine. https://www.nafsa.org/ie-magazine/2019/7/1/ada-education-abroad

The Diversity Council of Una Europa. (2022). Engaging with diversity in European universities. https://unaeuropa.pantheonsorbonne.fr/sites/default/files/2022-11/engaging-with-diversity-in-european-universities-final.pdf

The Forum on Education Abroad. (n.d.). Making equity, diversity, and inclusion the standard: Asynchronous course. https://www.forumea.org/making-edi-the-standard.html

Totenberg, N. (2023, June 29). Supreme Court guts affirmative action, effectively ending race-conscious admissions. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1181138066/affirmative-action-supreme-court-decision

UC Merced. (n.d.). Pre-departure orientation: Culture. https://studyabroad.ucmerced.edu/orientation/culture

University College London. (n.d.). Athena Swan at UCL. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/equality-diversity-inclusion/equality-areas/equality-charter-marks/athena-swan-ucl

University of Antwerp. (n.d.). Glossary of terms on inclusion. https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/diversity-and-inclusion/inclusive-university/inclusive-communication/di-glossary/

University of London. (2024). Equality, diversity, and inclusion. https://www.london.ac.uk/about/equality-diversity-inclusion

University of Michigan. (n.d.). Defining DEI. https://diversity.umich.edu/about/defining-dei/

Van Hees, V., & Montagnese, D. (2020). Making mobility programmes more inclusive for students with disabilities. https://www.siho.be/sites/default/files/2020-11/Website_Research%20report%20Inclusive%20MobilityTAG.pdf

Waxman, O. B. (2018, May 24). The GDPR is just the latest example of Europe’s caution on privacy rights. That outlook has a disturbing history. Time. https://time.com/5290043/nazi-history-eu-data-privacy-gdpr/

Downloads

Published

2025-01-30

How to Cite

Ferro, A., Doughty, J., Johnson, L., & Gordon, A. (2025). Navigating the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Disconnect. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 37(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v37i1.1074

Issue

Section

Special Issue on U.S. Education Abroad: The View from Europe