Navigating the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Disconnect
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v37i1.1074Keywords:
DEI, diversity, Europe, inclusion, study abroadAbstract
Europe remains the top destination for U.S. university students seeking a global academic experience with over 64% choosing European programs. Despite surface-level cultural similarities, U.S. students often face challenges navigating the deeper sociocultural dynamics and differing approaches to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) within European societies. This manuscript explores the "DEI disconnect" between U.S. students and European education-abroad programs, where U.S. students arrive with DEI attitudes shaped by U.S. philosophies, only to encounter local frameworks that may not align with their expectations. Through an examination of DEI in both U.S. and European contexts, alongside data from Diversity Abroad’s student survey and case studies from professional practice, this paper provides a foundation for understanding these challenges. We offer actionable recommendations to integrate DEI considerations into the education-abroad lifecycle and encourage further exploration of DEI in global education.
Abstract in Spanish
Europa continúa siendo el destino preferido de los estudiantes universitarios estadounidenses que buscan una experiencia académica internacional, con más del 64% optando por programas europeos. Aunque a primera vista existen similitudes culturales, los estudiantes norteamericanos suelen encontrarse con retos al enfrentarse a dinámicas socioculturales más complejas y a distintas perspectivas sobre diversidad, equidad e inclusión (DEI) en las sociedades europeas. Este artículo analiza la "brecha DEI" que existe entre los estudiantes estadounidenses y los programas educativos europeos: los estudiantes llegan con una visión de DEI formada por la filosofía estadounidense y se encuentran con marcos locales que no siempre corresponden a sus expectativas. Mediante un análisis de DEI tanto en el contexto estadounidense como en el europeo, junto con datos de la encuesta estudiantil de Diversity Abroad y casos prácticos profesionales, este trabajo establece las bases para entender estos retos. Proponemos recomendaciones concretas para incorporar aspectos de DEI en el ciclo completo de la educación internacional y animamos a seguir explorando el papel de DEI en la educación global.
Downloads
References
Agathocleous, A., Conway, K., & Moore, R. (2024). Trump on DEI and anti-discrimination law. https://www.aclu.org/publications/trump-on-dei-and-anti-discrimination-law
Betts, A. (2024, April 21). What to know about state laws that limit or ban D.E.I. efforts at colleges. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/04/21/us/dei-education-state-laws.html
Brooks, R. (2019). The construction of higher education students within national policy: a cross-European comparison. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 51(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2019.1604118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2019.1604118
Charles, J. B. (2023, June 23). The evolution of DEI. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-evolution-of-dei
Claeys-Kulik, A. L., Ekman Jørgensen, T., & Stöber, H. (2019, November). Diversity, equity and inclusion in European higher education institutions: Results from the INVITED project. https://www.eua.eu/downloads/publications/web_diversity%20equity%20and%20inclusion%20in%20european%20higher%20education%20institutions.pdf
Dickinson College. (2021). Center for Global Study & Engagement (CGSE) 2017-20 impact report. https://online.anyflip.com/udclp/gwhp/mobile/index.html
Dickinson College. (n.d.). DEI in a global context. https://www.dickinson.edu/homepage/1569/dei_in_a_global_context
Diversity Abroad. (2019). Global equity & inclusion guidelines for education abroad (2nd ed.). https://diversityabroad.org/common/Uploaded%20files/Global%20GEI%20Guidelines/GEI%20Guidelines_2nd%20Edition.pdf
Diversity Abroad. (n.d.). The Global Education Diversity & Inclusion Certificate. https://diversityabroad.org/public/DIVaPublic/Training-Development/Global-Education-DI-Certificate.aspx
Esmieu, P., Mullen, S., Castro Samayoa, A., Gasman, M., Perkins, C., Wolff, M., Jimenez, C. D., & Beazley, M. (2016). Increasing diversity abroad: Expanding opportunities for students at minority serving institutions. https://cmsi.gse.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/MSI_StdyAbrdRprt_R4fin.pdf
ETH Zürich. (n.d.). Diversity topics. https://ethz.ch/staffnet/en/employment-and-work/working-environment/diversity/diversity-dimensions.html
European Centre for Economic and Policy Analysis and Affairs. (2024). Bridging borders: Examining DEI policies in European higher education for immigrant inclusion. https://www.ecepaa.eu/bridging-borders-examining-dei-policies-in-european-higher-education-for-immigrant-inclusion/
European Commission. (2016, July 20). Italy: Initiatives to facilitate refugees' access to universities proliferate and unite. https://migrant-integration.ec.europa.eu/news/italy-initiatives-facilitate-refugees-access-universities-proliferate-and-unite_en
European Commission. (2021a). Guidelines on improving the collection and use of equality data. https://commission.europa.eu/system/files/2021-09/en-guidelines-improving-collection-and-use-of-equality-data.pdf
European Commission. (2021b). Implementation guidelines: Erasmus+ and European Solidarity Corps inclusion and diversity strategy. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2021-09/implementation-inclusion-diversity_apr21_en.pdf
European Commission. (n.d.). The Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area. https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education/bologna-process
Green, A., & Chaudhary, A. (2023, March 14). Interculturalization at the center of global diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts. https://diversityabroad.org/public/DIVaPublic/Articles/Article-Items/Interculturalization_GDEI.aspx
Harvey, T. (n.d.). An educator’s guide to intercultural learning: Ten ways to inspire learning across difference. https://academics.lmu.edu/media/lmuacademics/global-localinitiatives/documents/An%20Educators%20Guide%20to%20Intercultural%20Learning.pdf
Hefiela, A. (2024). Invisible disabilities in higher education: A cultural comparison of students’ experiences with invisible disabilities in Kuwait and Belgium. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 12, 320–374. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.122020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.122020
Holben, A., & Özel, C. (2015). International exchange with a disability: Enhancing experiences abroad through advising and mentoring. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 28(4), 405–412.
https://opendoorsdata.org/data/us-study-abroad/student-profile/
Insight Into Diversity. (2023, September 17). Pivotal moments in higher education DEI. https://www.insightintodiversity.com/pivotal-moments-in-higher-education-dei/
Institute of International Education (2024c). Student profile.
Institute of International Education. (2024a). Host regions. https://opendoorsdata.org/data/us-study-abroad/host-regions/
Institute of International Education. (2024b). Leading destinations. https://opendoorsdata.org/data/us-study-abroad/leading-destinations/
Jones, S. R., Torres, V., & Arminio, J. (2014). Negotiating the complexities of qualitative research in higher education. Routledge.
JP Morgan Chase & Co. (2023). France professional equality index for men and women. https://www.jpmorgan.com/content/dam/jpmorgan/documents/global/disclosures/2023-France-Professional-Equality-Index.pdf
Kasravi, J., Garcia, E., & Lopez-McGee, L. (2023). 2023 Global Education Experience Student Survey. https://diversityabroad.org/common/Uploaded%20files/Research_Reports/2022%20_GEE%20S%20Survey.pdf
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall.
Lange, A. C., & Lee, J. A. (2024). Centering our humanity: Responding to anti-DEI efforts across higher education. Journal of College Student Development, 65(1), 113–116. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2024.a919356 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2024.a919356
Lecerf, M. (2023). Understanding EU policies for people with disabilities. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2021/698811/EPRS_BRI%282021%29698811_EN.pdf
León Sánchez, M., Fiorucci, M., Catarci, M., & González Monteagudo, J. (2023). Analysis of intercultural education policies in Italy and Spain: A comparative perspective. Journal of Educational, Cultural and Psychological Studies, 27, 137–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/ecps-2023-027-sanc DOI: https://doi.org/10.7358/ecps-2023-027-sanc
Marliere, P. (2023, May 9). Opinion: French universalism sidelines ethnic minorities–why that must change. UCL News. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2023/may/opinion-french-universalism-sidelines-ethnic-minorities-why-must-change
Marris, E. (2024, February 13). Culture wars are raging on US campuses. Will they affect research? Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00393-1
Masterson-Algar, A., Jennings, B., & Odenwelder, M. (2020). How to run together: On study abroad and the ASD Experience. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 32(1), 104–118. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v32i1.436 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v32i1.436
Özkan-Haller, H. T. (2021, June 1). A better approach to diversity training for faculty. Higher Ed Dive. https://www.highereddive.com/news/a-better-approach-to-diversity-training-for-faculty/600977/
Powell, A. (2022, June 22). How Title IX transformed colleges, universities over past 50 years. The Harvard Gazette. https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2022/06/how-title-ix-transformed-colleges-universities-over-past-50-years/
Stoltz, M. (2019, July 1). ADA in education abroad: Strategies for advising and supporting students with disabilities. International Educator Magazine. https://www.nafsa.org/ie-magazine/2019/7/1/ada-education-abroad
The Diversity Council of Una Europa. (2022). Engaging with diversity in European universities. https://unaeuropa.pantheonsorbonne.fr/sites/default/files/2022-11/engaging-with-diversity-in-european-universities-final.pdf
The Forum on Education Abroad. (n.d.). Making equity, diversity, and inclusion the standard: Asynchronous course. https://www.forumea.org/making-edi-the-standard.html
Totenberg, N. (2023, June 29). Supreme Court guts affirmative action, effectively ending race-conscious admissions. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2023/06/29/1181138066/affirmative-action-supreme-court-decision
UC Merced. (n.d.). Pre-departure orientation: Culture. https://studyabroad.ucmerced.edu/orientation/culture
University College London. (n.d.). Athena Swan at UCL. https://www.ucl.ac.uk/equality-diversity-inclusion/equality-areas/equality-charter-marks/athena-swan-ucl
University of Antwerp. (n.d.). Glossary of terms on inclusion. https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/diversity-and-inclusion/inclusive-university/inclusive-communication/di-glossary/
University of London. (2024). Equality, diversity, and inclusion. https://www.london.ac.uk/about/equality-diversity-inclusion
University of Michigan. (n.d.). Defining DEI. https://diversity.umich.edu/about/defining-dei/
Van Hees, V., & Montagnese, D. (2020). Making mobility programmes more inclusive for students with disabilities. https://www.siho.be/sites/default/files/2020-11/Website_Research%20report%20Inclusive%20MobilityTAG.pdf
Waxman, O. B. (2018, May 24). The GDPR is just the latest example of Europe’s caution on privacy rights. That outlook has a disturbing history. Time. https://time.com/5290043/nazi-history-eu-data-privacy-gdpr/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariadne Ferro, Jeremy R. Doughty, Lisa Johnson, Andrew Gordon
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.