Study Abroad and the Boomerang Effect: The End is Only the Beginning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v22i1.325Keywords:
Study abroad, Intercultural development inventory, Boomerang effect, Outcomes assessment, Gender differences, Cross-cultural sensitivityAbstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that study abroad has a positive impact on a student’s cross-cultural development. This study extends the findings of previous research by exploring the durability of changes to cross-cultural development four months after returning home. Results indicate that overall gains achieved while abroad decline significantly after returning home and specifically decline with regard to viewing other cultures as superior to the student’s native culture (reversal tendencies). The research also finds significant gender differences. Implications for educators and future research are discussed.
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References
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Paige, R. M., Cohen, A. D. and Shively, R. L. (2004). “Assessing the impact of a strategies-based curriculum on language and culture learning abroad,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, Volume X, Fall, 253-276.
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Rexeisen, R. J., & Al-Khatib J. A. (2009). “Assurance of learning and study abroad: A case study,” Journal of Teaching in International Business, 20(3), 192–07. doi 10.1080/08975930903099077
Savickia,V., Downing-Burnettea, R., Hellerb, L., Binderb, F. & Suntingerb, W. (2004). Contrasts, changes, and correlates in actual and potential intercultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 311-329.
Shaheen, S. (2004). The Effect of Pre-Departure Preparation on Student Intercultural Development during Study Abroad Programs, Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University (http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=osu1091481152 )
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Shimp, T. A. and Sharma, S. (1987). “Consumer ethnocentrism: construction and validation of the CETSCALE,” Journal of Marketing Research, 24, August, 280-289.
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Vande Berg, M., Connor-Linton, J. and R.M. Paige (2009). “The Georgetown Consortium Project: Interventions for Student Learning Abroad,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, Vol. XVIII, pp. 1 - 75.
Witt, Hans de (2010). Internationalisation of Higher Education in Europe and its Assessment, Trends and Issues, NVAO: Accreditation Organization of the Netherlands and Flanders, pp. 12 – 16.
Anderson, P, L. Lawton, R.J. Rexeisen and A. Hubbard, (2006). “Short-Term Study Abroad and Intercultural Development: A Pilot Study” International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol 30, No 4.
Anderson, P. and L. Lawton (2011). “Intercultural Development: Study Abroad VS. On-Campus Study,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XXI.
Bennett, M. J. (1986). “Toward ethnorelativism: A developmental model of intercultural sensitivity,” In R. M. Paige (Ed.), Cross-cultural orientation: New conceptualizations and applications (pp. 21–70). New York: University
Press of America.
Bennett, M.J. (1993). “Toward Ethnorelativism: A Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity,” In R.M. Paige (Ed.) Education for the Intercultural Experience. 21-71. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
Bennett, M.J. (2004). “Becoming interculturally competent,” In J. Wurzel (Ed.), Toward multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education. (2nd ed., pp. 62-77).
Braskamp, L. A., Braskamp, D. C., & Merrill, K. C. (2009). “Assessing progress in global learning and development of students with educational abroad experiences,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, Vol. XVIII, 101 – 118.
Brehm. J. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. New York: Academic Press.
Brehm, S. S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Burgoon, M., Alvaro, E., Grandpre, J., & Voloudakis, M. (2002). Revisiting the theory of psychological reactance: Communicating threats to attitudinal freedom. In J. Dillard & M. Pfau (Eds.), The persuasion handbook: Developments in theory and practice (pp. 175-194). Thousand Oaks: CA, Sage.
Davis, S. and Finney, S. (2006). A Factor analytic study of the cross-cultural adaptability inventory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(2), 318-330.
Expanding Study Abroad Capacity at U.S. Colleges and Universities, (2009), Meeting America’s Global Education Challenge, IIE Study Abroad White Paper Series: Issue Number 6 (http://www.iie.org/en/Research-and-Publications/Research-Projects/~/media/Files/Corporate/Membership/StudyAbroad_WhitePaper6.ashx)
Franklin, Kimberly (2011). “Long-term Career Impact and Professional Applicability of the Study Abroad Experience,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, XIX.
Hammer, M.R. (2007). The Intercultural Development Inventory Manual (v.3). Ocean Pines,
MD: IDI, LLC.
Hammer, M.R. (2008). “The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI): An Approach for assessing and building intercultural competence.,” In M.A. Moodian (Ed.), Contemporary leadership and intercultural competence: Understanding and utilizing cultural diversity to build successful organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hammer, M.R. (2012). Developing Intercultural Competence. (Last retrieved, March 2012, http://www.idiinventory.com/ )
Hammer, M.R. and Bennett, M.J. (2002). The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) Manual. Portland, OR: Intercultural Communication Institute.
Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003). “Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The Intercultural Development Inventory,” International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421–443.
Higher Learning Commission. (2012). Overview of accreditation, standards, 4c, p. 6. (http://www.ncahlc.org/Information-for-Institutions/criteria-for-accreditation.html )
Kelley, C., & Meyers, J. (1995). CCAI Cross Cultural Adaptability Inventory Manual. Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems, Inc.
Medina-Lo´pez-Portillo, A. (2004). “Intercultural learning assessment: The link between program duration and the development of intercultural sensitivity,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 10, 179–199.
Niu, R & G. Cooper (2010). “Assessing International Learning: A Mixed Methodological Approach to Assessing Curricular and Extracurricular International Experiences,” The Journal of General Education, Vol. 59, No. 3.
Norris, E. & J. Gillespie (2008). “How Study Abroad Shapes Global Careers: Evidence From the United States,” Journal of Studies in International Education, pp. 382 – 397.
Paige, R.M., Jacobs-Cassuto, M., Yershova, Y. and DeJaeghere (2003) “Assessing Intercultural Sensitivity: An Empirical Analysis of the Hammer and Bennett Intercultural Development Inventory,” International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27 (4), 467-486.
Paige, R. M., Cohen, A. D. and Shively, R. L. (2004). “Assessing the impact of a strategies-based curriculum on language and culture learning abroad,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, Volume X, Fall, 253-276.
Pedersen, P.J. (2010). “Assessing intercultural effectiveness outcomes in a year-long studyabroad program,” International Journal of Intercultural Relations, (34), pp. 70-80.
Rexeisen, R. J., & Al-Khatib J. A. (2009). “Assurance of learning and study abroad: A case study,” Journal of Teaching in International Business, 20(3), 192–07. doi 10.1080/08975930903099077
Savickia,V., Downing-Burnettea, R., Hellerb, L., Binderb, F. & Suntingerb, W. (2004). Contrasts, changes, and correlates in actual and potential intercultural adjustment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 28, 311-329.
Shaheen, S. (2004). The Effect of Pre-Departure Preparation on Student Intercultural Development during Study Abroad Programs, Unpublished Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University (http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi?acc_num=osu1091481152 )
Shealy, C. N. (2005). “Justifying the Justification Hypothesis: Scientific-Humanism, Equilintegration (EI) Theory, and the Beliefs, Events, and Values Inventory (BEVI),” [Special Series]. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61 (1), 81-106.
Shimp, T. A. and Sharma, S. (1987). “Consumer ethnocentrism: construction and validation of the CETSCALE,” Journal of Marketing Research, 24, August, 280-289.
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, (2010). The condition of Education 2010, pp. 118 & 294.
Vande Berg, M., Connor-Linton, J. and R.M. Paige (2009). “The Georgetown Consortium Project: Interventions for Student Learning Abroad,” Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, Vol. XVIII, pp. 1 - 75.
Witt, Hans de (2010). Internationalisation of Higher Education in Europe and its Assessment, Trends and Issues, NVAO: Accreditation Organization of the Netherlands and Flanders, pp. 12 – 16.
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Published
2013-01-15
How to Cite
Rexeisen, R. J. . (2013). Study Abroad and the Boomerang Effect: The End is Only the Beginning. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 22(1), 166–181. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v22i1.325
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