The MSA: An Instrument for Measuring Motivation to Study Abroad
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.357Keywords:
Motivation, Study abroad, Education abroad, MeasurementAbstract
This paper describes the development of a paper and pencil instrument that classifies the principal motivations for students participating in study abroad programs. While many of the factors relating to relevant program parameters are readily apparent (Engle and Engle, 2003), it is important to understand how students’ motivation for participating in a study abroad program mediates the magnitude of those gains. For research to advance on the moderating influence of student motivation, an instrument is needed to classify these motivations so that students can be sorted into appropriate categories.
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References
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Anderson, P. & Lawton, L. (Fall, 2011) Intercultural Development: Study Abroad vs. On-Campus Study. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad. v21, 86-108.
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Franklin, K. (2010). Long-term career impact and professional applicability of the study abroad experience. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 19, 169-190.
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Langley, C. S., & Breese, J. R. (2005). Interacting sojourners: A study of students studying abroad. The
Social Science Journal, 42, 313-321.
Li, M., Olson, J. E., & Frieze, I. H. (2013). Students’ Study Abroad Plans: the Influence of Motivational and Personality Factors. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 23.
Maddux, W. W., & Galinsky, A. D. (2009). Cultural borders and mental barriers: The relationship between living abroad and creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1047-1061.
Magnan, S. S., & Back, M. (2007). Social interaction and linguistic gain during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 40, 43-61.
McCabe, L.T. (1994). The development of a global perspective during participation in semester at sea: A comparative global education program. Educational Review, 46(3), 275-286.
Milstein, T. (2005). Transformation abroad: Sojourning and the perceived enhancement of self-efficacy.
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Ruhter McMillan, A., & Opem, G. (2004). Study abroad: A lifetime of benefits. Abroad View Magazine, 6(2), 58, 60-61.
Sanchez, C. M., Fornerino, M., & Zhang, M. (2006) Motivations and the Intent to Study Abroad Among U.S., French, and Chinese Students. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 18 (1), 27-52.
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Sumka, S. (1999). Educational Travel as a Model for Responsible Tourism: The Impact of Study Abroad. Transitions Abroad, May/June. Available at http://www.transitionsabroad.com/listings/study/articles/studymay1.shtml (accessed 8-4-14)
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StudyAbroad.com. Study Abroad Parent Guide: The Top Ten Reasons for Study Abroad. Available at http://www.studyabroad.com/guides/parentsguide/reasonstostudy.html (accessed 8-7-09)
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Vistawide. Why study abroad? 10 reasons why you should study in a foreign country. Available at http://www.vistawide.com/studyabroad/why_study_abroad.htm (accessed 8-4-14)
Anderson, P. & Lawton, L. (Fall, 2011) Intercultural Development: Study Abroad vs. On-Campus Study. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad. v21, 86-108.
Carlson, J.S., & Widaman, K.F. (1988). The effects of study abroad during college on attitudes toward other cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 12(1), 1-18.
Carsello, C., & Greaser, J. (1976). How college students change during study abroad. College Student Journal, 10, 276-278.
Community Colleges for International Development. Tips and benefits for your study abroad trip. Available at http://www.ccidinc.org/documents/Tips%20and%20benefits-Ecuador.pdf (accessed 8-7-09)
Dwyer, M. & Peters, C. (2004). The Benefits of Study Abroad: New Study Confirms Significant Gains. Transitions Abroad, available at http://www.transitionsabroad.com/publications/magazine/0403/benefits_study_abroad.shtml (accessed 8-4-14)
Engle, L. & Engle J. (2003). Study Abroad Levels: Toward a Classification of Program Types. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 9, 1-20.
Franklin, K. (2010). Long-term career impact and professional applicability of the study abroad experience. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 19, 169-190.
Gale Encyclopedia of Education. Study Abroad. Available at http://www.answers.com/topic/study-abroad (accessed 8-4-14)
Go Abroad.com. The Study Abroad Guide. Available at http://www.studyabroaddirectory.com/study-articles.cfm (accessed 8-4-14)
Kitsantas, A., & Meyers, J. (2002). Studying Abroad: Does it enhance college student cross-cultural awareness? Educational Resources Information Center, ED 456 648.
Kitsantas, A. (2004). Studying Abroad: The Role of College Students' Goals on the Development of Cross-Cultural Skills and Global Understanding. College Student Journal, 38 n3, 441.
Kuh, G.K., & Kauffman, N.F. (1984). The impact of study abroad on personal development of college students. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University School of Education. (ED 245 591).
Langley, C. S., & Breese, J. R. (2005). Interacting sojourners: A study of students studying abroad. The
Social Science Journal, 42, 313-321.
Li, M., Olson, J. E., & Frieze, I. H. (2013). Students’ Study Abroad Plans: the Influence of Motivational and Personality Factors. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 23.
Maddux, W. W., & Galinsky, A. D. (2009). Cultural borders and mental barriers: The relationship between living abroad and creativity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96, 1047-1061.
Magnan, S. S., & Back, M. (2007). Social interaction and linguistic gain during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 40, 43-61.
McCabe, L.T. (1994). The development of a global perspective during participation in semester at sea: A comparative global education program. Educational Review, 46(3), 275-286.
Milstein, T. (2005). Transformation abroad: Sojourning and the perceived enhancement of self-efficacy.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 217-238.
Morin, A.J.S., Arens, A.K., & Marsh, H.W. (Accepted, 22 August 2014). A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Framework for the Identification of Distinct Sources of Construct-Relevant Psychometric Multidimensionality. Structural Equation Modeling. Available at https://www.statmodel.com/download/COMPLETE%20Morin%20Arens%20Marsh_total_Bifactor%20ESEM_Final.pdf (accessed 1-6-15)
Naffziger, D. W., Bott, J. P., & Mueller, C. B. (2010). Study Abroad: Validating the Factor Analysis of Student Choices. International Business: Research, Teaching and Practice, 4(1).
Nyaupane, G. P., Paris, C. M., & Teye, V. (2010) Study abroad motivations, destination selection and pre-trip attitude formation. International Journal of Tourism Research, 13 (3), 205-217.
Powers, E. (2006). Intro to Study Abroad. Inside Higher Ed, July 28, available at http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2006/07/28/abroad (accessed 8-4-14)
Preston, K. (2012) The Impact of Studying Abroad on Recent College Graduates’ Careers, May Available at http://www.iesabroad.org/study-abroad/why/career-benefits (accessed 8-4-14)
Rexeisen, R. Anderson, P. Lawton, L. and Hubbard, A. (Fall, 2008) Study Abroad and Intercultural Development: A Longitudinal Study. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad. Vol. XVII: 1-20.
Ruhter McMillan, A., & Opem, G. (2004). Study abroad: A lifetime of benefits. Abroad View Magazine, 6(2), 58, 60-61.
Sanchez, C. M., Fornerino, M., & Zhang, M. (2006) Motivations and the Intent to Study Abroad Among U.S., French, and Chinese Students. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 18 (1), 27-52.
Study Abroad 360. Top Ten Reasons to Study Abroad. available at http://www.studyabroad360.com/articles/top-ten-reasons-to-study-abroad (accessed 8-4-14)
Sumka, S. (1999). Educational Travel as a Model for Responsible Tourism: The Impact of Study Abroad. Transitions Abroad, May/June. Available at http://www.transitionsabroad.com/listings/study/articles/studymay1.shtml (accessed 8-4-14)
The Center for Global Education. Why Study Abroad. Available at http://www.globaled.us/now/whystudyabroadintro.html (accessed 8-4-14)
StudyAbroad.com. Study Abroad Parent Guide: The Top Ten Reasons for Study Abroad. Available at http://www.studyabroad.com/guides/parentsguide/reasonstostudy.html (accessed 8-7-09)
Vande Berg, M., Connor-Linton, J., and Paige, R.M. (2009) The Georgetown Consortium Project: Interventions for Students Living Abroad. Frontiers: the Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad. Vol. XVIII: 1-75.
Vistawide. Why study abroad? 10 reasons why you should study in a foreign country. Available at http://www.vistawide.com/studyabroad/why_study_abroad.htm (accessed 8-4-14)
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Published
2015-11-11
How to Cite
Anderson, P. H., & Lawton, L. (2015). The MSA: An Instrument for Measuring Motivation to Study Abroad. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 26(1), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v26i1.357
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